Genotoxic Effects of Lead and Their Impact on the Expression of DNA Repair Genes

Hemmaphan, Sirirak; Bordeerat, Narisa Kengtrong

doi:10.3390/ijerph19074307

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…In animals, the consequences of the accumulation of HMs have been well studied, with reported effects such as oxidative stress and inflammation (e.g., Pb, Cd, and Ni) [ 62 , 63 ], changes in gene expression (e.g., Pb, Cd, and Mn) [ 64 , 65 ], destruction of the mucosa of the intestinal tract, and changes in the microbiota (e.g., Pb) [ 66 ]. Toxicity occurs through processes such as the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, substitution of native metal ions in enzymes involved in metabolic processes, disruption of protein structures, inhibition of DNA repair, and formation of protein and/or DNA cross-links [ 60 , 67 ]. Hence, consumption of food and water contaminated by HMs can lead to serious neuronal, hepatic, renal, immunological, cardiovascular, reproductive, and gastric damage, as has been recounted in multiple studies [ 68 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Sustainable Exploitation of Salt-Tolerant Plants: Nutritional Characterisation, Phenolics Composition, and Potential Contaminants Analysis of Salicornia ramosissima and Sarcocornia perennis alpini

et al. 2023

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Increasing soil salinisation represents a serious threat to food security, and therefore the exploitation of high-yielding halophytes, such as Salicornia and Sarcocornia, needs to be considered not merely in arid regions but worldwide. In this study, Salicornia ramosissima and Sarcocornia perennis alpini were evaluated for nutrients, bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity, and contaminants. Both were shown to be nutritionally relevant, exhibiting notable levels of crude fibre and ash, i.e., 11.26–15.34 and 39.46–40.41% dry weight (dw), respectively, and the major minerals were Na, K, and Mg. Total phenolics thereof were 67.05 and 38.20 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g extract dw, respectively, mainly p-coumaric acid and quercetin. Both species displayed antioxidant capacity, but S. ramossima was prominent in both the DPPH and ß-carotene bleaching assays. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in S. ramosissima, at 5.21 µg/Kg dw, which may pose a health threat. The Cd and Pb levels in both were low, but the 0.01 mg/Kg Hg in S. perennis alpini met the maximum legal limit established for marine species including algae. Both species exhibit high potential for use in the agro-food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors, but specific regulations and careful cultivation strategies need to be implemented, in order to minimise contamination risks by mycotoxins and heavy metals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Sustainable Exploitation of Salt-Tolerant Plants: Nutritional Characterisation, Phenolics Composition, and Potential Contaminants Analysis of Salicornia ramosissima and Sarcocornia perennis alpini

et al. 2023

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“…Using behavioral tests, we find the in vivo performance of fullerenol can affect lead-induced-impaired learning and memory. Lead can interfere with the activities of several protein and gene expressions, so it is identified as a highly poisonous heavy metal affecting several organ systems in the body [ 23 ]. Nowadays, lead poisoning and lead pollution are mainly treated by eliminating lead [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term maintenance of synaptic plasticity by Fullerenol Ameliorates lead-induced-impaired learning and memory in vivo

et al. 2022

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Fullerenol, a functional and water-soluble fullerene derivative, plays an important role in antioxidant, antitumor and antivirus, implying its enormous potential in biomedical applications. However, the in vivo performance of fullerenol remains largely unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of fullerenol (i.p., 5 mg/kg) on the impaired hippocampus in a rat model of lead exposure. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF–MS) is a kind of newly developed soft-ionization mass spectrometry technology. In the present study, an innovative strategy for biological distribution analysis using MALDI-TOF–MS confirmed that fullerenol could across the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. Results from behavioral tests showed that a low dose of fullerenol could improve the impaired learning and memory induced by lead. Furthermore, electrophysiology examinations indicated that this potential repair effect of fullerenol was mainly due to the long-term changes in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, with enhancement lasting for more than 2–3 h. In addition, morphological observations and biochemistry analyses manifested that the long-term change in synaptic efficacy was accompanied by some structural alteration in synaptic connection. Our study demonstrates the therapeutic feature of fullerenol will be beneficial to the discovery and development as a new drug and lays a solid foundation for further biomedical applications of nanomedicines.

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“…We believe that the most likely reason for our negative experimental result was that the single doses of lead acetate administered to nestlings were too low to initiate any of the indirect mechanisms that could exert any modification in the sizes of the SSRs we analyzed. Even though the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the genotoxicity of lead are not yet fully elucidated, it has been reported that lead induces a genotoxic effect throughout indirect mechanisms, such as the inhibition of DNA repair, the excess production of free radicals contributing to DNA damage, and the regulation of suppressor and promotor genes in carcinogenesis [ 8 , 12 ]. Such conclusions were assumed in one of the experimental studies conducted by [ 35 ], in which MSI was evaluated using three microsatellite loci located within the genome of rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) exposed to various heavy metal compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead and lead compounds have also been studied for many years in various biological systems as potential mutagenic, clastogenic, and carcinogenic agents [ 8 ]. In most clinical and/or laboratory studies of the genotoxic consequences of lead exposure conducted so far, the focus has been on several genetic endpoints as sorts of bioindicator [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Interestingly, relatively little attention has been paid so far to wild bird populations in this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Instability Assay as a Potential Approach to Evaluate Genotoxicity: Lead Exposure in a Nestling Passerine Bird at the Stage of Intensive Erythropoiesis

Markowski

Kaliński

Wawrzyniak

et al. 2023

Animals

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Although many avian studies have investigated the toxic effects of lead on important biochemical and physiological processes, organ and system function, and behavior, studies evaluating the specific genotoxic effects of exposure to lead are scarce. Nowadays, rapid technological advances can provide new molecular techniques in this regard. In this study, as a novel approach in bird studies, we used a panel of ten microsatellite loci to investigate the microsatellite instability (MSI) in response to experimental lead intoxication in a common hole-nesting species, the great tit Parus major. For this purpose, an experiment based on an intentional single supplementation of a lead (II) acetate trihydrate compound was conducted, with the use of two different doses, applied to randomly chosen great tit nestlings from randomly selected broods, being at the stage of intensive erythropoiesis. Although this preliminary study did not find any MSI in the seven microsatellite markers retained for the final comparison, it contributes to the examination of this molecular technique in field conditions as being potentially applicable in ecotoxicological bird studies. We believe that certain issues should be considered in finding an explanation for our result. First, the single doses of lead used in this study may have been too weak to induce genetic instability. Second, the panel of microsatellite markers studied may have been unsusceptible to lead genotoxicity in general. Third, the relatively short time interval (5 days) between the experimental procedure (lead exposure) and the sampling of post-exposure material (blood) for genetic analyses could have limited the effect of lead genotoxicity. Further analyzes are needed to verify these findings and to evaluate the scope of application of the MSI analysis in wild bird population studies.

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Genotoxic Effects of Lead and Their Impact on the Expression of DNA Repair Genes

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

Towards the Sustainable Exploitation of Salt-Tolerant Plants: Nutritional Characterisation, Phenolics Composition, and Potential Contaminants Analysis of Salicornia ramosissima and Sarcocornia perennis alpini

Towards the Sustainable Exploitation of Salt-Tolerant Plants: Nutritional Characterisation, Phenolics Composition, and Potential Contaminants Analysis of Salicornia ramosissima and Sarcocornia perennis alpini

Long-term maintenance of synaptic plasticity by Fullerenol Ameliorates lead-induced-impaired learning and memory in vivo

Microsatellite Instability Assay as a Potential Approach to Evaluate Genotoxicity: Lead Exposure in a Nestling Passerine Bird at the Stage of Intensive Erythropoiesis

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