Genotoxic, hematoxic, pathological, and biochemical effects of hexane on Swiss albino rats

Egelí, Ünal; Tunca, Berrin; Tuncel, Pınar; Kahraman, Müfit; Sevinir, Betül; Çeçener, Gülşah; Batmaz, Hasan; Akpınar, Gürler; Çimen, Çigdem; Cangül, Taci; Bilaloĝlu, Rahmi

doi:10.1002/1520-6866(2000)20:6<329::aid-tcm2>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Hepatotoxicity was also confirmed by cellular histological examination. In conclusion, Egeli et al (2000) suggested that hexane is a genotoxic and hemotoxic agent leading to chromosome aberrations and lipid peroxidation in the exposed groups [92].…”

Section: N-hexane Metabolic Pattern Excretion and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For example, the toxicological dossier on n-hexane from the French National Institute for Research and Occupational Safety (INRS, 2019) reported that n-hexane causes chromosomal aberrations and sperm abnormalities in rats after inhalation exposure [54]. Egeli et al (2000) studied genotoxic and hemotoxic effects in rats, subcutaneously exposed to hexane (not specifying whether it was n-hexane or technical hexane) and compared them with a non-exposed group and a positive control group exposed to benzene [92]. Although the genotoxic effect of benzene was more pronounced, hexane (0.125 and 0.250 mL/kg in single dose for 3 months) showed a significant clastogenic effect in rat bone marrow cells, with an increase in chromosomal aberrations compared to unexposed controls.…”

Section: N-hexane Metabolic Pattern Excretion and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Cravotto¹,

Fabiano‐Tixier²,

Claux³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hexane is a solvent used extensively in the food industry for the extraction of various products such as vegetable oils, fats, flavours, fragrances, colour additives or other bioactive ingredients. As it is classified as a "processing aid", it does not have to be declared on the label under current legislation. Therefore, although traces of hexane may be found in final products, especially in processed products, its presence is not known to consumers. However, hexane, and in particular the n-hexane isomer, has been shown to be neurotoxic to humans and has even been listed as a cause of occupational diseases in several European countries since the 1970s. In order to support the European strategy for a toxic-free environment (and toxic-free food), it seemed important to collect scientific information on this substance by reviewing the available literature. This review contains valuable information on the nature and origin of the solvent hexane, its applications in the food industry, its toxicological evaluation and possible alternatives for the extraction of natural products. Numerous publications have investigated the toxicity of hexane, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of its toxic metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in the urine of the general, non-occupationally exposed population. Surprisingly, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) has apparently never been established by any food safety authority. Since hexane residues are undoubtedly found in various foods, it seems more than necessary to clearly assess the risks associated with this hidden exposure. A clear indication on food packaging and better information on the toxicity of hexane could encourage industry to switch towards one of the numerous other alternative extraction methods already developed.

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Section: N-hexane Metabolic Pattern Excretion and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: N-hexane Metabolic Pattern Excretion and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Cravotto¹,

Fabiano‐Tixier²,

Claux³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the toxicological dossier on n -hexane from the French National Institute for Research and Occupational Safety (INRS, 2019) reported that n -hexane causes chromosomal aberrations and sperm abnormalities in rats after inhalation exposure [ 53 ]. Egeli et al (2000) studied genotoxic and hemotoxic effects in rats subcutaneously exposed to hexane (not specifying whether it was n -hexane or technical hexane) and compared them with a non-exposed group and a positive control group exposed to benzene [ 84 ]. Although the genotoxic effect of benzene was more pronounced, hexane (0.125 and 0.250 mL/kg in a single dose for three months) showed a significant clastogenic effect in rat bone marrow cells, with an increase in chromosomal aberrations compared to unexposed controls.…”

Section: The Toxicological Assessment Of Hexane As Extraction Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatotoxicity was also confirmed by cellular, histological examination. In conclusion, Egeli et al (2000) suggested that hexane is a genotoxic and hemotoxic agent leading to chromosome aberrations and lipid peroxidation in the exposed groups [ 84 ].…”

Section: The Toxicological Assessment Of Hexane As Extraction Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Cravotto

Fabiano‐Tixier

Claux

et al. 2022

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hexane is a solvent used extensively in the food industry for the extraction of various products such as vegetable oils, fats, flavours, fragrances, colour additives or other bioactive ingredients. As it is classified as a “processing aid”, it does not have to be declared on the label under current legislation. Therefore, although traces of hexane may be found in final products, especially in processed products, its presence is not known to consumers. However, hexane, and in particular the n-hexane isomer, has been shown to be neurotoxic to humans and has even been listed as a cause of occupational diseases in several European countries since the 1970s. In order to support the European strategy for a toxic-free environment (and toxic-free food), it seemed important to collect scientific information on this substance by reviewing the available literature. This review contains valuable information on the nature and origin of the solvent hexane, its applications in the food industry, its toxicological evaluation and possible alternatives for the extraction of natural products. Numerous publications have investigated the toxicity of hexane, and several studies have demonstrated the presence of its toxic metabolite 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) in the urine of the general, non-occupationally exposed population. Surprisingly, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) has apparently never been established by any food safety authority. Since hexane residues are undoubtedly found in various foods, it seems more than necessary to clearly assess the risks associated with this hidden exposure. A clear indication on food packaging and better information on the toxicity of hexane could encourage the industry to switch towards one of the numerous other alternative extraction methods already developed.

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Effect of Benzene on liver functions in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Dere

Arı

2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Rats (Rattus norvegicus) were intraperitoneally injected with a 100 mg kg(-1) dosage of benzene, a toxic and carcinogenic agent widely used for industrial purposes. Changes in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities in serum of rats were investigated at 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 h following injection. Serum physiological was administered to control group. Activities were measured using autoanalyzer. Benzene caused significant activations in LDH, ALP, and AST activities in the serum at some test hours (p < 0.05). When compared with the control groups, although an increase occurred in ALT activity, it was seem that this increase wasn't significant (p > 0.05).

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Genotoxic, hematoxic, pathological, and biochemical effects of hexane on Swiss albino rats

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Towards Substitution of Hexane as Extraction Solvent of Food Products and Ingredients with No Regrets

Effect of Benzene on liver functions in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

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