Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Herbal Products

Poivre, Mélanie; Nachtergael, Amandine; Bunel, Valérian; Philippe, Okusa Ndjolo; Duez, Pierre

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43806-1_9

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Carcinogenicity evidence is also scarce, and health information is still focused on testing for genotoxicity. However, certain carcinogens have still not been detected, which yields an unsatisfying result [1]. Medicinal herbs are contributing to primary health care in diverse parts of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Medicinal Herbs and Their Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Medicinal plants (MPs) account for 70–80% of use in primary care around the world, and this percentage indicates that the number of MP users is high; thus, it is necessary to focus studies on medicinal herbs to ensure their proper use. In addition, MPs have strong genotoxic effects, as some types of MPs can cause DNA damage. Any substance that raises the risk of cancer or a tumor in an organism is called a carcinogen. There are many genotoxic and carcinogenic substances in the environment that can directly or indirectly affect genetic material. There are also nanoparticles (NPs) derived from MPs. Carbon-based NPs contain many nanoscale materials, such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, as well as metals such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), and aluminum (Al). Unfortunately, few studies are concerned with the carcinogenicity of NPs from MPs, whereas many researchers are interested in genotoxic assessment. For this reason, there is an urgent need for more studies into the safety of MPs and NPs. Therefore, this study reviewed the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of MPs and their derived NPs. We also emphasized the need for strict regulation and monitoring of MP usage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first remedies that humans used were medicinal herbs [1]. Medicinal plants (MPs) are used all over the world, and interest in them began in developed countries in recent years [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Medicinal Herbs and Their Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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“…Generally, the resurgence of interest in plant-based treatments seems to have various origins: it may come from patients disappointment with standard treatments (in terms of efficacy and/or safety), from the rewarding feeling of active participation in the choice of therapeutic means, from the beliefs that the use of herbs is associated with a healthier lifestyle, and that herbal medicines, being -natural‖, are therefore harmless (Ekor, 2014). However, although often perceived as innocuous by the general public, herbal substances harbor phytochemicals responsible of toxic effects (Babu et al, 2016;Poivre et al, 2017;Hudson et al, 2018). However, both phytochemical and toxicological investigations on root wood are very scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until now, only a few quality toxicological studies have been carried out on the most widely used herbs; it is estimated that toxicological data are still missing for up to 90% of traditional Chinese herbal medicines (Cheng and Leung, 2012), and the situation appears even worse for herbs used in developing countries, notably in African traditional medicine (Kahumba et al, 2015;Poivre et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, acute and subacute toxicity studies of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) root wood extracts

Ilboudo¹,

Some²,

Ouédraogo³

et al. 2019

Afr. J. Biochem. Res.

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Considered safe because being from natural origin, plant products can exhibit toxic effects during their use. To ensure safe use of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae), plant widely used for its therapeutic potential, the phytochemical and safety profiles of its root wood were investigated. Standard tube characterization tests were used to highlight phytochemical groups of root wood of the plant. Acute and subacute toxicity tests were carried out in Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of sterols and triterpens, polyphenols, reducing compounds, and flavonoids in root wood of Annona senegalensis (A. senegalensis). In toxicological studies, the results indicate that the aqueous extract has a low acute toxicity with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg b.w. The results of subacute toxicity study indicate that the mice receiving 300 mg/kg b.w. of extract experienced mildly decreased body weights in comparison with the control in non-significant manner, especially at the fourth week. After 28 days of treatment, apart aspartate aminotransferase (AST), no significant changes were found in the blood serum biochemical parameters such as total proteins, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, creatinin, and lipid levels of the treated mice in comparision with the control group. In view of the current results, A. senegalensis root wood aqueous extract would be considered as safe in both acute and subacute exposure. However, long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies.

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“…Although some cancers are directly related to heredity, most of them are linked to molecular and cellular modifications accumu-lated in the course of life, arising through DNA damage, either from the endogenous metabolism or from exposure to environmental agents, workplace hazards, and life habits [1,2]. Carcinogenesis is classically divided into 3 main steps: (i) the initiation that results from a cell exposure to 1 or several genotoxic agents of chemical, physical, or biological (pathogens) origins; (ii) the promotion, during which an initiated cell granted with a selective growth advantage proliferates and forms a preneoplastic focus; (iii) the progression that consists in the clonal expansion of these cells, with an increase of metastatic potential and angiogenesis [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chemopreventive Natural Compounds on the Accuracy of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine Translesion Synthesis

et al. 2021

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Translesion synthesis is a DNA damage tolerance mechanism that relies on a series of specialized DNA polymerases able to bypass a lesion on a DNA template strand during replication or post-repair synthesis. Specialized translesion synthesis DNA polymerases pursue replication by inserting a base opposite to this lesion, correctly or incorrectly depending on the lesion nature, involved DNA polymerase(s), sequence context, and still unknown factors. To measure the correct or mutagenic outcome of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine bypass by translesion synthesis, a primer-extension assay was performed in vitro on a template DNA bearing this lesion in the presence of nuclear proteins extracted from human intestinal epithelial cells (FHs 74 Int cell line); the reaction products were analyzed by both denaturing capillary electrophoresis (to measure the yield of translesion elongation) and pyrosequencing (to determine the identity of the nucleotide inserted in front of the lesion). The influence of 14 natural polyphenols on the correct or mutagenic outcome of translesion synthesis through 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine was then evaluated in 2 experimental conditions by adding the polyphenol either (i) to the reaction mix during the primer extension assay; or (ii) to the culture medium, 24 h before cell harvest and nuclear proteins extraction. Most of the tested polyphenols significantly influenced the outcome of translesion synthesis, either through an error-free (apigenin, baicalein, sakuranetin, and myricetin) or a mutagenic pathway (epicatechin, chalcone, genistein, magnolol, and honokiol).

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Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Herbal Products

Cited by 11 publications

References 104 publications

Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Medicinal Herbs and Their Nanoparticles

Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Medicinal Herbs and Their Nanoparticles

Phytochemical, acute and subacute toxicity studies of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) root wood extracts

Effects of Chemopreventive Natural Compounds on the Accuracy of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine Translesion Synthesis

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