Genotoxicity and histopathological assessment of raw and simulated leachates exposed to mice

Abstract

Indiscriminate solid waste disposal to the environment without proper treatment poses a serious threat to the public health. This study was carried out to investigate genotoxicity of the raw and simulated leachates samples collected from Amilegbe municipal dump site located in Ilorin metropolis in Nigeria. Some of the physicochemical properties of both raw and simulated leachate samples were determined. Mice were exposed to 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 25% (raw leachate) and 1%, 5% and 10% concentrations (simulated leachate) respectively for 35 days. Distilled water and colchicine were used for negative and positive control respectively. Two standard genotoxicity tests namely abnormal sperm-head morphology and micronucleus (MN) assays were used to assess possible genotoxicity of the raw and simulated leachates samples. Sperm head morphology assay showed some abnormalities (folded, amorphous, banana shaped, two tails, pin tail among others) and the frequencies of the abnormalities increases was concentrationdependent. Congestion, necrosis, degeneration and appearance of vacuolation were observed in the histopathological analysis of the liver. The histopathological changes were also more pronounced with higher concentrations of raw and simulated leachates. MN and abnormal nuclei frequencies also showed statistically significant differences (p>0.05) such that MN and other nuclear abnormalities reached the maximum at the highest concentration (25% >10% >5% >2.5%>1%). This study shows that the raw and simulated leachates contain potentially genotoxic and cytotoxic substances capable of causing DNA damage. ©JASEM https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v21i5.11

Evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of Ajakanga Landfill Leachate in rats

“…Metals interact with DNA and nuclear proteins, which causes DNA damage, leading to cell cycle modulation, apoptosis or carcinogenesis [ 37 ]. This result is similar to the findings of [ 38 ] in mice exposed to leachates from Amilegbe dump site in Ilorin, Nigeria and also [ 39 ] who observed increase in MNPCE in the bone marrow cells of rats exposed to effluent from a pharmaceutical company.…”

The first-line antituberculosis drugs, and their fixed-dose combination induced abnormal sperm morphology and histological lesions in the testicular cells of male mice

“…Analysis of histological parameters has proven to be a reliable and sensitive biomarker and may help indicate the health status of the experimental animal being studied (Iyiola et al, 2017). Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology frontiersin.org…”

“…Analysis of histological parameters has proven to be a reliable and sensitive biomarker and may help indicate the health status of the experimental animal being studied ( Iyiola et al, 2017 ). Necrotic spermatogenic sperm cells, increased luminal width, and interstitial blood vessels were observed in mice exposed to the individual anti-TB drugs except for the FDC that showed no testicular lesions.…”