Genotoxicity Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Landfill Gas Emission Using Comet Assay in Higher Terrestrial Plant

Abstract

Genotoxicity model is developed to assess the individual subacute toxicity of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) at very low levels as in a landfill gas. Golden Pothos (Epipremnum aureum), a higher plant, was tested under variation of benzene 54-5656 ng/L, toluene 10-4362 ng/L, ethylbenzene 28-4997 ng/L, xylene 53-4845 ng/L, for 96 h. DNA fragmentation in plant leaves were investigated via comet assay. The results show that DNA migration ratio increased with the BTEX concentrations, but at different rates. The 50% effective concentration (EC) of DNA fragmentation from the dose-response relationships indicated toluene has the highest EC value and followed by benzene, xylene and ethylbenzene. Alternatively, ethylbenzene has the highest toxicity unit and followed by xylene, benzene and toluene as described by toxicity unit (TU). In conclusion, comet assay of Pothos can be used in differentiating DNA fragmentation against very low levels of BTEX in the atmosphere. Pothos is recommended for genotoxicity assessment of a low BTEX contaminated atmosphere.

Estimation of arsenic-induced genotoxicity in melon (Cucumis melo) by using RAPD-PCR and comet assays

“…the presence and absence of bands) between exposed and non-exposed samples (Manna & Bandyopadhyay 2017). Over the last two decades, a molecular cytogenetic-based assay, named the comet assay (also known as single cell gel electrophoresis, SCGE), has been utilized to investigate the response of plant cells to genotoxic agents (Santos et al 2015;Abdelhaliem & Al-Huqail 2016;Na Roi-et et al 2017). It is possible to determine single and double strand DNA breaks, alkali-labile sites and incomplete excision repair sites in the alkaline comet assay, and the DNA migration rate provides a measure of the extent of cellular DNA damage (Glei et al 2016).…”

Potential of Passive Sampling and Plant Absorption to Quantify Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds

“…Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) are air pollutants that are carcinogenic or have serious health effects, such as the cause of disability of a newborn baby or have a serious impact on the environment and ecosystem. Many VOCs are dangerous to human health (Kim et al, 2008;Na Roi-et et al, 2017) and are collectively named as hazardous VOCs. Shortterm and long-term exposure to HAPs, even in low concentrations can cause harmful effects on human Citation: Na Roi-et V, Chaikasem S. Potential of passive sampling and plant absorption to quantify inhalation exposure to volatile organic compounds.…”

“…2021;19(1):43-56. (https://doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020110) health (i.e., cancerous illnesses, neurological disorders, central nervous system damage, respiratory irritation, and symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, fatigue, confusion, and nausea ( (Durmusoglu et al, 2010;Na Roi-et et al, 2017;Saikomol et al, 2019;Sakai et al, 2017;Shrubsole et al, 2019;Xing et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019). The Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 identified 187 substances as HAPs published by the U.S. EPA for regulation of the emissions of HAPs.…”

“…The use of the indoor plant to reduce potentially harmful pollutants such as VOCs has been studied for decades (Fukushi et al, 2005;Moya et al, 2019;Orwell et al, 2004;Wolverton et al, 1989). Epipremnum aureum (E. aureum( is widely used as an indoor plant because of its air pollution removal capacity, and tolerance to heat, humidity, and pests (Fukushi et al, 2005;Na Roi-et et al, 2017;Orwell et al, 2004). It can also grow in a water-filled container without any added nutrients and soil (Meshram and Srivastava, 2015).…”

“…Gong et al (2019( evaluated the benzene removal rate of four ornamental plants, namely Epipremnum aureum, Chlorophytum comosum, Hedera helix, and Echinopsis tubiflovra, and they reported that the highest benzene removal rate was observed in E. aureum of about 1.10 µg/m 3 cm 2 . Yang et al (2009( investigated twenty-eight indoor plant species for their ability to remove volatile organic pollutants and found that the total VOC removal efficiency of E. aureum was 6.71 µg/m 3 m 2 h. In addition, E. aureum is a popular houseplant and native to tropical areas such as Thailand (Moya et al, 2019;Na Roi-et et al, 2017). Therefore, it was selected as a passive approach for pollutant removal of VOCs from office equipment.…”