Genotoxicity, biochemical, and biodistribution studies of magnesium oxide nano and microparticles in albino wistar rats after 28‐day repeated oral exposure

Abstract

Increased utilization and exposure levels of Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) to humans and environment may raise unexpected consequences. The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicological implications of MgO NPs and MPs after 28 day repeated oral administration in Wistar rats with three different doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg). The MgO particles were characterised systematically in order to get more insights of the toxicological behaviour. MgO NPs induced significant DNA damage and aberrations in chromosomes. Moreover, hepatic enzymes released into the systemic circulation caused significant elevated levels of physiological enzymes in blood. NPs could interfere with proteins and enzymes and alter the redox balance in cell environment. Significant accumulation of Mg in all tissues and clearance via urine and faeces was noted in size dependent kinetics. Oral administration of MgO NPs altered the biochemical and genotoxic parameters in dose dependent and gender independent manner.

Acute and subacute oral toxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in female albino Wistar rats

“…The histopathology of the treated liver, kidney and brain tissues in higher and medium doses of the subacute study revealed necrosis, inflammation with infiltration of inflammatory cells and various other tissue‐specific histological changes, which indicates possible tissue damage might be due to an oxidative‐stress condition, biochemical alterations leading to a declined defense system. A few other studies that were similar have shown histological alterations generated in the liver, kidney and brain tissues after repeated 28 day exposure of NPs (Lee et al, ; Mangalampalli, Dumala, Perumalla Venkata, & Grover, ; Roda et al, ). In general, our results revealed that comparatively higher doses of acute and subacute treatment have modulated the oxidant and antioxidant levels, thus affecting the balance between activation and detoxification mechanisms of the liver, kidney and brain tissues of the rat.…”

MgO Nanoparticles-Incorporated PCL/Gelatin-Derived Coaxial Electrospinning Nanocellulose Membranes for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

“…After that, Mg 2+ was sustainably released for both Blending-MgO and Coaxial-MgO over 168 h, resulting in a stable Mg 2+ concentration around 5 mM. Numerous studies have shown that 5-10 mM Mg 2+ had a slight cytotoxic effect on cells and could promote cells' osteogenic differentiation (Mangalampalli et al, 2018;Onder et al, 2018). These results indicated that the MgOincorporated coaxial PCL/gelatin nanocellulose membranes with the sustainable release of Mg 2+ might be suitable for accelerating osteogenic differentiation of cells.…”

The potential toxic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and valproate on liver tissue

“…[ 47,48 ] For example, acute intratracheal instillation of Mg nano induced oxidative stress in lung tissue, coincident with the reduction in total antioxidant capacity. [ 43,49 ]…”

“…[ 42 ] Other investigations suggested that the upregulation of liver enzymes in the tissue homogenates may result from hepatocellular injury and possible leakage of the cellular contents into the blood stream. [ 43,44 ]…”