Genotoxicity evaluation of individuals working with photocopying machines

Goud, Kalal Iravathy; Hasan, Qurratulain; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Rao, K. Prabhakar; Ahuja, Y. R.

doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.07.001

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although consistently positive results were obtained with Giemsa (20,21,29,31,38), negative results were obtained in most studies with DNAspecific stains. We found in total 24 articles in which negative results were obtained in smokers with Feulgen, whereas an increase in micronuclei frequencies was reported in six articles only (6,22,23,(39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Nersesyan

Kundi

Atefie

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micronuclei in exfoliated epithelial cells are widely used as biomarkers of cancer risk in humans. To elucidate the effect of different staining procedures on the outcome of such investigation, we conducted a study in which the micronuclei frequencies in oral mucosa cells of heavy smokers (n = 20) and nonsmokers (n = 10) were evaluated with nonspecific (Giemsa, May-Grü nwald-Giemsa) and DNA-specific (4 ¶,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Feulgen, acridine orange) stains, whereas with Giemsa-based stains, the frequencies of micronuclei in smokers were significantly (4-to 5-fold) higher in the smokers group, no significant increase was observed with any of the DNA-specific stains. Furthermore, the evaluation of cells of the two study groups with Feulgen stain showed that oral mucosa cells from smokers had significantly increased levels of nuclear anomalies other than micronuclei.These anomalies are consequences of cell injury found in epithelial cells and are paralleled by formation of keratin bodies in the cytoplasm that resemble micronuclei. Correlation analyses showed that micronuclei frequencies scored in Giemsa-stained slides correlated significantly with karyorrhexis, karyolysis, condensed chromatin, and binucleates, whereas no such correlations were found with DNA-specific stains. These findings indicate that nuclear anomalies (and possibly keratin bodies) may be misinterpreted as micronuclei with nonspecific DNA stains and lead to false-positive results in studies with cells of epithelial origin. Furthermore, our results show that exposure of oral mucosa cells to genotoxic carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke does not lead to induction of micronuclei in these cells. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(10):1835 -40)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Nersesyan

Kundi

Atefie

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…toner emissions during their work found genotoxic effects in lymphocytes and buccal mucosa cells [Goud et al, 2001[Goud et al, , 2004Gadhia et al, 2005]. All these findings must be interpreted with caution, because only a few toner powders were examined, mostly in an unsystematic fashion, and the results are inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxic effects of three selected black toner powders and their dimethyl sulfoxide extracts in cultured human epithelial A549 lung cells in vitro

Gminski

Decker

Heinz

et al. 2010

Environ and Mol Mutagen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Until now, the adverse effects of toner powders on humans have been considered to be minimal. However, several recent reports have suggested possible significant adverse health effects from toner dust inhalation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of black toner powders in vitro. For the study of DNA damage, A549 cells were exposed to toner-powder suspensions and to their DMSO extracts, and then subjected to the comet assay and to the in-vitro cytokinesis block micronucleus test (CB-MNvit). Cytotoxic effects of the toner samples were assessed by the erythrosin B assay. Furthermore, size, shape, and composition of the toner powders were investigated. None of the three toner powders or their DMSO extracts reduced cell viability; however, they did induce DNA damage and formed micronuclei at concentrations from 80 to 400 lg cm 22 , although to a varying extent. All toner powders contain considerable amounts of the pigments carbon black and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) as well as small amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The overall results of our invitro study suggest that the investigated toner-powder samples are not cytotoxic but genotoxic. From the results of the physical and chemical characterization, we conclude that metals and metalloids as components of magnetite, or PAHs as components of the carbon-bearing material, are responsible for the genotoxic effects. Further research is necessary to determine the relevance of these in-vitro observations for private and occupational toner powder exposure.

show abstract

“…Symptoms such as nonallergic rhinitis, sore throat, asthma, and pseudo allergic inflammation of the respiratory tract, irritation of the skin and eyes, headache, and sick building syndrome (SBS) seem to be linked to these emissions [Gallardo et al, 1994;Armbruster et al, 1996;Rabe et al, 2002;Gminski and Mersch-Sundermann, 2006;Jaakkola et al, 2007] Recently, it has been shown that workers with toner dust exposure from laser printers can develop submesothelial deposition of carbon nanoparticles in the peritoneum [Theegarten et al, 2010]. Additionally, copyshop workers possess significantly higher chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes or DNA-damage in the buccal cells, indicating the influence of either toner dusts or laser printer and photocopier emissions [Goud et al, 2004;Gadhia et al, 2005;Gminski and Mersch-Sundermann, 2006;Kleinsorge et al, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of laser printer emissions in human epithelial A549 lung cells using an air/liquid exposure system

Tang

Gminski

Könczöl

et al. 2011

Environ and Mol Mutagen

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to emissions from laser printers during the printing process is commonplace worldwide, both in the home and workplace environment. In the present study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the emission from five low to medium-throughput laser printers were investigated with respect to the release of ozone (O(3) ), volatile organic compounds (VOC), particulate matter (PM), and submicrometer particles (SMP) during standby and operation. Experiments were conducted in a 1 m(3) emission chamber connected to a Vitrocell® exposure system. Cytotoxicity was determined by the WST-1 assay and genotoxicity by the micronucleus test in human A549 lung cells. The five laser printers emitted varying but generally small amounts of O(3) , VOC, and PM. VOC emissions included 13 compounds with total VOC concentrations ranging from 95 to 280 μg/m(3) (e.g., 2-butanone, hexanal, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene). Mean PM concentrations were below 2.4 μg/m(3). SMP number concentration levels during standby ranged from 9 to 26 particles/cm(3). However, three of the printers generated a 90 to 16 × 10(3) -fold increase of SMP during the printing process (maximum 294,460 particles/cm(3)). Whereas none of the printer emissions were found to cause cytotoxicity, emissions from two printers induced formation of micronuclei (P < 0.001), thus providing evidence for genotoxicity. As yet, differences in biological activity cannot be explained on the basis of the specific emission characteristics of the different printers. Because laser printing technology is widely used, studies with additional cytogenetic endpoints are necessary to confirm the DNA-damaging potency and to identify emission components responsible for genotoxicity.

show abstract

Genotoxicity evaluation of individuals working with photocopying machines

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Effect of Staining Procedures on the Results of Micronucleus Assays with Exfoliated Oral Mucosa Cells

Genotoxic effects of three selected black toner powders and their dimethyl sulfoxide extracts in cultured human epithelial A549 lung cells in vitro

Investigations on cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of laser printer emissions in human epithelial A549 lung cells using an air/liquid exposure system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About