Genotoxicity of AMPA, the environmental metabolite of glyphosate, assessed by the Comet assay and cytogenetic tests

Re-registration Challenges of Glyphosate in the European Union

“…It also was found to induce DNA damage (micronucleus formation), cell damages (chromatin condensation, nucleus distortion, broken, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and ribosomes) and apoptosis , intracellular oxidative cascade, morphological modifications, and apoptosis (Elie-Caille et al, 2010) caused by oxidative stress due to mitochondrial membrane potential disruption (Heu et al, 2012b) and cell morphological changes (Heu et al, 2012a). In addition to detection of decreased cell viability (tested in the above examples), cytotoxicity has been tested on other end points as well, including mutagenicity within the same range of toxicity (EC 50 = 0.6-0.9 mg/ml) for human epithelial type 2 cells (Hep-2) as occurs for human cervical cancer cell (HeLa) contaminant (Mañas et al, 2009), human fibroblast cells (GM38) (Monroy et al, 2005), and human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) (Monroy et al, 2005). Exposure of hippocampal pyramidal cells from rats to glyphosate at 2-6 mg/ml caused impaired neuronal differentiation and development and axon growth (Coullery et al, 2016), and a glyphosate absorption study across epithelial tissues e.g., across Caco-2 cells revealed saturable glyphosate uptake through epithelial transporter enzyme activity in an ATP-and Na + -independent manner, not competed by specific amino acids or transporter inhibitors.…”

“…Roundup Transorb R exerted cytotoxicity on a zebrafish (Danio rerio) hepatocyte cell line ZF-L at concentrations as low as 0.068-0.27 µg/ml (corresponding to glyphosate concentrations of 0.033-0.13 µg/ml), due mostly to lysosomal instability and inhibition of mitochondrial function, and slightly to impaired cell membrane integrity. Synergistic detrimental effects were observed when Roundup Transorb R was applied with an insecticide formulation (Furadan 350 FIGURE 3 | In vitro cytotoxicity of glyphosate (light columns) and its formulated preparation Roundup ® (dark columns) on various cell lines Raji: human hematopoietic Raji (Epstein-Barr virus transformed human lymphocyte) cells (Townsend et al, 2017), DIMF, diploid fin cell line from the Oriental weather loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus ; HaCaT, human epithelial keratinocyte cells (Elie-Caille et al, 2010); NE-4C, murine stem cell-like neuroectodermal cells ; Hep-2, human epithelial type 2 (HeLa contaminant) cells (Mañas et al, 2009); GM38, human fibroblast cells (Monroy et al, 2005); HT1080, human fibrosarcoma cells (Monroy et al, 2005); HUVEC, primary neonate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Benachour et al, 2007;Benachour and Séralini, 2009;Gasnier et al, 2009); HEK293, embryonic kidney cells (Benachour et al, 2007;Benachour and Séralini, 2009;Gasnier et al, 2009;Mesnage et al, 2013a); MC3T3-E1, murine osteoblast precursor cells (Farkas et al, 2018); HepG2, human hepatoma cells (Benachour et al, 2007;Benachour and Séralini, 2009;Gasnier et al, 2009); JAr, human chorioplacental cells (Young et al, 2015); JEG3, human choriocarcinoma cells (Benachour et al, 2007;Benachour and Séralini, 2009;Gasnier et al, 2009;Mesnage et al, 2013aMesnage et al, , 2017a. Plain and grid column patterns indicate cytotoxicity detected by MTT test and mutagenicity tests, respectively.…”

“…Moreover, the primary metabolite of glyphosate, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) was found to be genotoxic on human and murine cell lines using the comet assay, the chromosome aberration test and the micronucleus test (Mañas et al, 2009). Assessing cytotoxicity of glyphosate, its metabolite AMPA and impurities (N-(phosphonomethyl) iminodiacetic acid, N-methylglyphosate, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid and bis-(phosphonomethyl)amine) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, found statistically significant decreases in their viability and ATP levels.…”

Assessment of the level of damage to the genetic material of children exposed to pesticides in the province of Córdoba

“…et al, [20][21][22] , Peralta et al, 24 and Gentile, et al 25 have reported results obtained on exposed individuals. These studies used the CA, MN and comet assays in peripheral blood.…”

Evaluación De Daño Al Adn en Leucocitos De Sangre Periférica Humana Expuestos Al Herbicida Glifosato

“…Los autores sostienen que estas alteraciones en el control del ciclo celular llevan a una inestabilidad genómica que podría resultar en el desarrollo de una neoplasia a partir de la célula afectada (Marc et al 2002(Marc et al , 2003(Marc et al y 2004. Asimismo, la capacidad del herbicida glifosato de interactuar con el material genético ha sido reportada por una gran cantidad de investigadores en todo el mundo en diversos diseños experimentales, in vivo e in vitro (Rank et al 1993, Bolognesi et al 1997, Benachour et al 2007, Lioi et al 1998, Monroy et al 2005, Mañas et al 2006, Paz-y-Miño et al 2007, Mañas et al 2009a, Mañas et al 2009b. Es importante resaltar que el potencial de una sustancia para inducir el desarrollo neoplásico podría relacionarse a la capacidad de la misma para actuar sobre el material genético en forma adversa, es decir a su genotoxicidad (Albertini et al 2008).…”