Genotoxicity of Glycol Ethers

McGregor, Douglas

doi:10.2307/3429904

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A mixture of glycol ethers, 20 vol % monoglyme and 80 vol % diglyme (referred to as CETANER in several publications 3-5,29 ), with a cetane number of 100 represented a cetane-improving oxygenate. The glycol ethers tested in this study are reported to be potential teratogens, raising health concerns about genotoxicity that causes birth defects . In contrast, 1,3-dioxolane with a cetane number of 30 represented a cetane-suppressing oxygenate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparison of the Impact of Intake Oxygen Enrichment and Fuel Oxygenation on Diesel Combustion and Emissions

et al. 2004

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Among continuing efforts to develop low-emission combustion engines, oxygen-enhanced combustion has long been considered a promising approach. A number of investigations have focused on the effects of oxygen addition on soot formation and oxidation by using various oxygen introduction techniques, such as blending different oxygen-containing fuels or direct oxygen addition into the intake air stream. The present study of oxygen addition was performed on a Volkswagen 1.9 L “TDI” turbodiesel engine to investigate and compare the relative effect of two oxygen addition methods on diesel emission and combustion: oxygen enrichment of the intake air and oxygenation of the fuel. The oxygen enrichment was accomplished by connecting an oxygen generator to the intake air surge tank, while fuel oxygenation was accomplished using two compounds with different cetane number and molecular structure. The key observations are that both intake oxygen enrichment and fuel oxygenation via linear structure oxygenated molecules are effective for reduction of diesel particulate matter, yielding even greater reductions in PM emissions than for fuel oxygenation via ring-structured oxygenated molecules. However, NO x emissions are greatly increased with intake oxygen enrichment, owing to either increased availability of atomic oxygen or attainment of a higher temperature during leaner combustion, which enhances the kinetics for thermal NO x formation. Comparison between the addition of two substantially different oxygenated fuels, a mixture of glycol ethers and 1,3-dioxolane, has also shed light on the mechanisms of soot reduction via oxygen addition. With their linear structure, the glycol ethers were shown to be far more effective for soot reduction than an equivalent oxygen addition via dioxolane, which has a ring structure, despite no significant difference in heat release rate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Comparison of the Impact of Intake Oxygen Enrichment and Fuel Oxygenation on Diesel Combustion and Emissions

et al. 2004

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“…The recovery of analyte from spiked samples was less than 100% and as low as 60%. 6 The spiking data were not used to correct the actual exposure but measurements suggest that airborne exposures may be higher than indicated by these data.…”

Section: Extent Of Exposure Air Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semen quality in workers exposed to 2-ethoxyethanol.

Ratcliffe

Schrader

Clapp

et al. 1989

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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To evaluate whether long term exposure to 2-ethoxyethanol (2EE) may affect semen quality, a cross sectional study was conducted among men exposed to 2EE used as a binder slurry in a metal castings process. Full shift breathing zone exposures to 2EE ranged from non-detectable to 24 ppm (geometric mean 6-6 ppm). Because of the potential for substantial absorption of 2EE through skin exposure, urine measurements of the metabolite of 2EE, 2-ethoxyacetic acid (2EAA) were conducted, showing levels of 2EAA ranging from non-detectable to 163 mg 2EAA/g creatinine. Only 37 exposed men (50% participation) and 39 non-exposed comparison (26% participation) from elsewhere in the plant provided a sperm sample. A questionnaire to determine personal habits, and medical and work histories, and a physical examination of the urogenital tract were also administered. The average sperm count per ejaculate among the workers exposed to 2EE was significantly lower than that of the unexposed group (113 v 154 million sperm per ejaculate respectively; p = 0 05) after consideration of abstinence, sample age, subjects' age, tobacco, alcohol and caffeine use, urogenital disorders, fever, and other illnesses. The mean sperm concentrations of the exposed and unexposed groups did not significantly differ from each other (44 and 53 million/ml respectively). No effect of exposure to 2EE on semen volume, sperm viability, motility, velocity, and normal morphology or testicular volume was detected, although some differences in the proportion of abnormal sperm shapes were observed. These data suggest that there may be an effect of 2EE on sperm count among these workers, although the possibility that other factors may be affecting the semen quality in both exposed and unexposed men in this population or that the results reflect bias introduced by the low participation rates cannot be excluded. 2-Ethoxyethanol (

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Toxicological Profile for 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate

2002

ATSDR's Toxicological Profiles

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Genotoxicity of Glycol Ethers

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of the Impact of Intake Oxygen Enrichment and Fuel Oxygenation on Diesel Combustion and Emissions

Comparison of the Impact of Intake Oxygen Enrichment and Fuel Oxygenation on Diesel Combustion and Emissions

Semen quality in workers exposed to 2-ethoxyethanol.

Toxicological Profile for 2-Butoxyethanol and 2-Butoxyethanol Acetate

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