Genotoxicity of maleic hydrazide, acridine and DEHP in Allium cepa root cells performed by two different laboratories

Abstract

The purpose of this paper was to compare the results of the Allium cepa chromosome aberration assay between two laboratories under the same test protocol and at the same time, use chemicals and onions obtained in their own homeland. For this study three chemicals were selected: di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), maleic hydrazide, and acridine. Both laboratories found genotoxicity with a positive dose-response relationship for maleic hydrazide and acridine. However, for DEHP the results were quite different--one of the laboratories found this compound not genotoxic but the other found a positive response. Although the comparative study was inconclusive for DEHP, it was successful for the maleic hydrazide, acridine and also for the positive control (methyl methanesulfonate). Further studies need to be performed in the case of DEPH.

Genotoxicity and toxicity evaluations of ECF cellulose bleaching effluents using the Allium cepa L. Test

“…In this experiment, we used A. cepa bulbs exposed to the same effluent concentrations as above (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 6.25%), as well as a negative control using spring water and a positive control using 10 mg.L -1 of methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) (Rank et al, 2002). The upper drawing shows an individual Allium cepa bulb culture chamber, while the lower drawing depicts the entire chamber.…”

“…Simultaneously, a positive control was set apart to detect whether this protocol provides a feasible way to evaluate the toxicity of effluents. The positive control required the use of 42 bulbs (prepared as above) with different CuSO 4 solutions (10,20,40,80, and 100 mg/L) (Rank et al, 2002). In the initial stage of assembly of the test, we selected a copper sulfate soluble compound, purity ≥99%, which was subjected to toxicity tests to establish the concentration range that produces the desired effect.…”

Mutagenicity of two herbicides widely used on soybean crops by the Allium cepa test

“…This test has been widely used in toxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity studies for diverse hazardous contaminants such as pesticides, dyes, food preservatives, and hydrocarbons (Fatima and Ahmad 2006;Mitteregger et al 2007;Feretti et al 2007;Türkoglu 2007;Leme and Marin-Morales 2008;Mustafa and Arikan 2008;Ashraf and Husain 2010), and is one of the most established test systems used to determine toxicity in several laboratories (Rank et al 2002;Chandra et al 2005;Yıldız et al 2009). This assay demonstrates alterations in all phases of the cell cycle, which are considered evidence for mutagenic effects induced by clastogenic or aneugenic agents (classified according to the type of alteration induced) (Vidakovié-cifrek et al 2002).…”

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“…Ambi-Agua, Taubaté, v. 6, n. 1, p. 90-103, 2011 . (doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.176) 92 mais frequência como sistema-teste desde o final da década de 30, quando Levan investigou os efeitos citológicos da colchicina revelando vários efeitos tóxicos e clastogênicos da ação direta dos químicos, sendo posteriormente demonstrado que soluções de vários tipos de sais inorgânicos induzem diferentes tipos de aberrações cromossômicas em células de Allium cepa, constituindo-se essa espécie numa valiosa ferramenta de monitoramento ambiental para a detecção do potencial genotóxico das substâncias lançadas no ambiente (Fiskesjö, 1985(Fiskesjö, , 1989Rank et al, 2002). A mutagenicidade pode estar relacionada com a frequência de quebras cromossômicas, dessa forma, os riscos de eventos mutagênicos podem ser avaliados pela frequência desses danos genéticos (Fiskesjö, 1985).…”