Genotoxicity of visible light (400–800nm) and photoprotection assessment of ectoin, l-ergothioneine and mannitol and four sunscreens

Botta, Céline; Giorgio, Carole Di; Sabatier, Anne-Sophie; Méo, Michel De

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.01.008

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Despite hundreds of publications dealing with ergothioneine, mostly involving eucaryotes, its function in bacteria has been little studied and no enzymes utilizing ergothioneine as a cofactor have been reported. However, as pointed out by Seebeck (61), close homologs of the M. smegmatis EgtB and EgtD ergothioneine biosynthesis proteins are encoded in most cyanobacterial genomes (24 out of 28 completed genomes in our recent count), suggesting that protection of DNA against visible and UV radiation damage may be an important function of ergothioneine in cyanobacteria, as has been reported for human keratinocytes (3). Soil organisms such as M. smegmatis could also benefit from such protection when subject to surface exposure.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Organic Hydroperoxide Resistance Protein and Ergothioneine Compensate for Loss of Mycothiol in Mycobacterium smegmatis Mutants

Buchmeier

Newton

et al. 2011

J Bacteriol

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The mshA::Tn5 mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis does not produce mycothiol (MSH) and was found to markedly overproduce both ergothioneine and an ϳ15-kDa protein determined to be organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr). An mshA(G32D) mutant lacking MSH overproduced ergothioneine but not Ohr. Comparison of the mutant phenotypes with those of the wild-type strain indicated the following: Ohr protects against organic hydroperoxide toxicity, whereas ergothioneine does not; an additional MSH-dependent organic hydroperoxide peroxidase exists; and elevated isoniazid resistance in the mutant is associated with both Ohr and the absence of MSH. Purified Ohr showed high activity with linoleic acid hydroperoxide, indicating lipid hydroperoxides as the likely physiologic targets. The reduction of oxidized Ohr by NADH was shown to be catalyzed by lipoamide dehydrogenase and either lipoamide or DlaT (SucB). Since free lipoamide and lipoic acid levels were shown to be undetectable in M. smegmatis, the bound lipoyl residues of DlaT are the likely source of the physiological dithiol reductant for Ohr. The pattern of occurrence of homologs of Ohr among bacteria suggests that the ohr gene has been distributed by lateral transfer. The finding of multiple Ohr homologs with various sequence identities in some bacterial genomes indicates that there may be multiple physiologic targets for Ohr proteins. Mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, produce mycothiol (MSH) as the major intracellular thiol (39).Like glutathione in eukaryotes and Gram-negative bacteria, MSH has a wide range of functions that include detoxification of electrophilic compounds, conjugation with antibiotics, and maintenance of the redox potential within the cell (30,42,53). The biosynthesis of mycothiol requires five enzymes (Fig. 1), MshA, MshA2, MshB, MshC, and MshD (44). Mutants with mutations of mshA and mshC produce undetectable levels of mycothiol, whereas mshB and mshD mutants make ϳ10% and 1% of normal levels, respectively, during exponential growth (42). The mshD mutant also produces high levels of the precursor to mycothiol and two related thiols in which the acetyl residue of mycothiol is replaced by formyl or succinyl residues. The decreased levels of mycothiol in mshB and mshD mutants are thought to involve alternative low-level pathways, whereas MshA, a glycosyltransferase, and MshC, a homolog of cysteine tRNA synthetase, do not have compensating enzymes. Several of the mycothiol mutants of Mycobacterium smegmatis have been characterized and exhibit increased sensitivity to peroxides, alkylating agents, and antibiotics (53).Mycothiol has been of special interest due to its apparent requirement for the growth of M. tuberculosis (5, 58). Like the M. smegmatis mutants, M. tuberculosis mutants bearing mutations of the mshB (7) and mshD (6) genes have decreased levels of mycothiol and increased sensitivity to peroxides. Attempts to generate viable mutants with mutations of the native mshA (5) and mshC (58) genes in M. tuberculosis were unsu...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Organic Hydroperoxide Resistance Protein and Ergothioneine Compensate for Loss of Mycothiol in Mycobacterium smegmatis Mutants

Buchmeier

Newton

et al. 2011

J Bacteriol

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“…3) in the solid 4 state and in water, 5 exerts a kosmotropic effect on the local water structure [5][6][7][8] as well as an influence on protein functions. 7,[9][10][11] Moreover, various studies [12][13][14] investigated the effects of ectoine on biological damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV) of various wavelengths. The study by Bünger et al 13 found that UV-A (340-400 nm) irradiated human keratinocytes show a decrease in mitochondrial DNA mutations for cells pretreated with ectoine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UV-A induced SSB in cellular DNA are generally attributed to UV-absorption by intracellular chromophores and subsequent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). [15][16][17] Botta et al 14 hypothesized that the protection was due to the ectoine induced expression of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70s) which protects cells against heat induced stress and toxic chemicals. 14,18 Despite the fact that ectoine is used in various commercial products, such as sunscreens, its protective mechanisms at a molecular level remain far from understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17] Botta et al 14 hypothesized that the protection was due to the ectoine induced expression of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70s) which protects cells against heat induced stress and toxic chemicals. 14,18 Despite the fact that ectoine is used in various commercial products, such as sunscreens, its protective mechanisms at a molecular level remain far from understood. 13,14 Furthermore, the work exploring the possible protective action against ionizing radiation, which produces, in contrast to UV light, huge amounts of damaging secondary electrons and OH-radicals, 33 is nonexistent in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA protection by ectoine from ionizing radiation: molecular mechanisms

Hahn

Meyer

Schröter

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Ectoine, a compatible solute and osmolyte, is known to be an effective protectant of biomolecules and whole cells against heating, freezing and extreme salinity. Protection of cells (human keratinocytes) by ectoine against ultraviolet radiation has also been reported by various authors, although the underlying mechanism is not yet understood. We present the first electron irradiation of DNA in a fully aqueous environment in the presence of ectoine and at high salt concentrations. The results demonstrate effective protection of DNA by ectoine against the induction of single-strand breaks by ionizing radiation. The effect is explained by an increase in low-energy electron scattering at the enhanced freevibrational density of states of water due to ectoine, as well as the use of ectoine as an OH-radical scavenger. This was demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).

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“…The test was carried out as described by Botta et al (2008) with slight modifications. Twenty-four hours before the experiment, a total of 2 × 10 5 KSCs were plated on cover slips in 35 mm Petri dishes and kept at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.…”

Section: Micronucleus Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro protective effect of Pandanus ordoratissimus extract on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced DNA damage

Kaewklom¹,

Vejaratpimol²

2011

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Pandanus ordoratissimus is an herb which has been widely used in Thai traditional medicines. A number of studies provided experimental evidence indicating that extracts from roots and leaves of P. ordoratissimus had powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the protective effects of extract from P. ordoratissimus flowers on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced DNA damage have not yet been reported. This study focused on assessing the protective effect of P. odoratissimus extract (POE) against UVB by using human keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) as an in vitro testing system. The keratinocytes were pre-treated with POE before being assayed for DNA damages caused by UVB (290 to 315 nm). Ascorbyl glucoside and DN-AGE ® , reagents commonly used in cosmetic products to protect the skin against UV exposure due to their abilities to scavenge free radicals, were used as positive controls. The alkaline comet assay was used to quantify DNA damage. Photo-dependent cytogenetic lesions were assessed by the micronucleus test (MNT). It was found that POE effectively reduced the extent of DNA breakages and cytogenetic lesions upon exposure to UVB (erythemal ultraviolet (EUV); 17.09 mJ/cm 2 ). POE significantly decreased tail DNA (TD%), tail length (TL) and micronucleus frequencies (MNFs) which is similar to the protective effects provided by ascorbyl glucoside and DN-AGE ® .

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Genotoxicity of visible light (400–800nm) and photoprotection assessment of ectoin, l-ergothioneine and mannitol and four sunscreens

Cited by 61 publications

References 54 publications

Organic Hydroperoxide Resistance Protein and Ergothioneine Compensate for Loss of Mycothiol in Mycobacterium smegmatis Mutants

Organic Hydroperoxide Resistance Protein and Ergothioneine Compensate for Loss of Mycothiol in Mycobacterium smegmatis Mutants

DNA protection by ectoine from ionizing radiation: molecular mechanisms

In vitro protective effect of Pandanus ordoratissimus extract on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced DNA damage

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