Genotoxicity Study of ChondroT

Tuning the carrier injection barrier of hybrid metal–organic interfaces on rare earth-gold surface compounds

“…At the synchrotron, p-polarized light was used and the sample temperature during measurements was 17 K. In San Sebastian the work function Φ was evaluated by UPS in the laboratory, by measuring the difference in energy between the Fermi level E F and the photoemission cutoff for several extracting voltages (5 V, 10 V and 15 V). 50 Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments were done at 300 K using an Omicron VT Setup.…”

Graphite–metal composite electrodes with a tunable work function for use in optoelectronic devices

“…The WF of a material can be determined using thermionic emission, photoemission, field emission, and contact potential difference approaches. In addition, numerous methods have been developed to tune the WFs of electrodes, [1][2][3] and these can be divided into two main categories: physical and chemical modification. Using these methods, the WF can be changed by only a few Angstroms from the surface to the bulk region.…”