Genotoxicity testing of two red dyes in the somatic and germ line cells of drosophila

Tripathy, N. K.; Nabi, Md.J.; Sahu, Gupta P.; Kumar, A. Anand

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(95)00067-c

Cited by 23 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In another study carried out by Tripathy et al [15], the e ects of Rhodamine and Amaranth on D. melanogaster were examined, showing that Rhodamine is genotoxic for both the somatic and reproduction cells, although Amaranth has no such e ect. In a study carried out by Macioszek and Kononowicz [16], it has been stated that Black PN and Quinoline Yellow are mutagenic and clastogenic for both lymphocyte cells of humans and V iciafaba stem meristem cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic Effects of Chronic Feeding with Food Azo Dyes on Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R

2017

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Abstract. Arti cial azo dyes are widely used as coloring agents for foodstu s, drugs, and cosmetics. In this study, the toxic e ects of four di erent synthetic food dyes (Ponceau 4R, Sunset Yellow, Amaranth, Tartrazine) on 72 4h larvae of Oregon (R) wild type of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. In addition, depending on chronic feeding, the life span of the ies was determined. For this purpose, six di erent concentrations of food dyes (5,10,15,20, 25, and 30 mg mL 1 ) were selected by preliminary studies to determine LD 100 values. The e ects of the food dyes on longevity were studied separately in female and male populations. It was determined that the maximum mean life span of the female and male D. melanogaster populations decreased with increasing concentrations of food dyes. Based on the results obtained from the larval mortality and life span experiments, the order of toxicity for food dyes was: Tartrazine > Amaranth > Sunset Yellow Ponceau 4R.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, depending on chronic feeding, the life span of the ies was determined. For this purpose, six di erent concentrations of food dyes (5,10,15,20, 25, and 30 mg mL 1 ) were selected by preliminary studies to determine LD 100 values. The e ects of the food dyes on longevity were studied separately in female and male populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Chronic Feeding with Food Azo Dyes on Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R

2017

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“…However, the results of this study were not reproduced in two subsequent studies (Abrahamson, undated; Anon undated). Amaranth was not mutagenic in somatic and germ-line cells of Drosophila (Tripathy et al, 1995). A number of in vitro studies performed in mammalian cells produced equivocal results regarding the genotoxicity of Amaranth (Kawashi et al, 1980;Ishidate et al, 1984).…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Amaranth (E 123) as a food additive

2010

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of Amaranth (E 123). Amaranth has been previously evaluated by JECFA in 1972, and the SCF in 1976. In 1984 the SCF set an ADI for Amaranth of 0-0.8 mg/kg bw/day based on results from a 90-day rat study. In contrast, in 1984 JECFA allocated an ADI of 0-0.5 mg/kg bw/day Amaranth based on a long-term carcinogenicity study in rats. In evaluating the overall toxicological database on Amaranth, the Panel concludes that the point of departure for establishing an ADI for Amaranth can be defined as 15 mg/kg bw/day, taking both the results from the 2-year study and the reproductive and developmental toxicity studies into account. Therefore using an uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel establishes an ADI for Amaranth of 0.15 mg/kg bw/day. The Panel concludes that at the maximum permitted level of use and/or reported use levels of Amaranth (Tier 2), estimates of anticipated exposure for children (1-14 years old) are around 30 times lower than the ADI of 0.15 mg/kg bw/day at the high percentiles (95 th /97.5 th ). However, for adults the anticipated exposure to Amaranth at the 97.5 th percentile can be up to 6 times higher than the ADI. The Panel also notes that main contributors to total anticipated exposure to Amaranth for adults were from aperitif wine drinks and Americano. The Panel notes that anticipated exposure to these uses have been made with the maximum permitted levels of use for Americano although no usage value for this beverage was provided by industry, and with the maximum reported levels of use for aperitif wine drinks, which were reported by Industry to be at the same level as the maximum permitted level. KEY WORDSAmaranth, E 123, CAS Registry Number 915-67-3, trisodium 2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphonato-1naphthylazo)naphthalene-3,6-disulphonate, CI Food Red 9, food colouring substance.The Panel concludes that at the maximum permitted level of use and/or reported use levels of Amaranth (Tier 2), estimates of anticipated exposure for 1-to 14-year old children are around 30 times lower than the ADI of 0.15 mg/kg bw/day at the high percentiles (95 th /97.5 th ). However, for adults the anticipated exposure to Amaranth at the high percentile (97.5 th ) can be up to 6 times higher than the ADI.The Panel also notes that the main contributors to total anticipated exposure for adults were from aperitif wine drinks and Americano. The Panel notes that anticipated exposure to these uses have been made with the maximum permitted level of use for Americano, although no usage value was provided by industry for this beverage, and with the maximum reported levels of use for aperitif wine drinks, which were reported by Industry to be at the same level as the maximum permitted level.The Panel further notes that the specifications for Amaranth need to be updated with respect to the percentage of material not accounted for that may represent sodium chloride or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components.The Pa...

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“…Rhodamine B, a triphenylmethane dye, has been widely used as a colorant in the textiles, paper, foodstuffs, biological stain, drugs, and cosmetics industry [1,2]. The release of wastewater containing rhodamine B from these industries to the environment poses potential danger to humans and animals because rhodamine B is potentially both genotoxic and carcinogenic and hard to decompose in wastewater [3,4]. The maximum discharge limit of rhodamine B in wastewater is not more than 5 mg L À1 according to the environmental protection rules; however, higher concentrations of this compound can be usually found in industrial wastewater due to the low capacity of wastewater treatment plants [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aims of this work were therefore to investigate whether the benzylfunctionalized ILs can improve the removal efficiency of rhodamine B as compared to the dialkylimidazolium-based ones and to dispose of the ILs after extraction. 4 Bzim]PF 6 ), and 1-butyl-3benzylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C 4 Bzim] NTf 2 ) were synthesized as described previously [25]. All of the other chemicals were of analytical grade unless stated otherwise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Rhodamine B from Water by Benzyl‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Fan

Dong

et al. 2016

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The removal of rhodamine B by benzyl-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) from water was carried out. Effects of aqueous pH value, concentration of rhodamine B, phase volume ratio, and the presence of salt on the extraction efficiency have been investigated. Experimental results showed that the extraction efficiency of rhodamine B decreased with the increase of pH value. Thermodynamic studies indicated that hydrophobic interaction is the main driving force, besides, p-p stacking, electrostatic interaction, and salting-out effect are also important for the extraction of rhodamine B. Notably, the quantitative extraction of rhodamine B into 1-butyl-3-benzylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C 4 Bzim]NTf 2 ) was achieved even at the phase volume ratio V w /V IL ¼ 500:1. After extraction, [C 4 Bzim]NTf 2 , could be directly reused at least five times. These results suggest that the [C 4 Bzim]NTf 2 has potential application in the removal of rhodamine B from water.

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Genotoxicity testing of two red dyes in the somatic and germ line cells of drosophila

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Toxic Effects of Chronic Feeding with Food Azo Dyes on Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R

Toxic Effects of Chronic Feeding with Food Azo Dyes on Drosophila melanogaster Oregon R

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Amaranth (E 123) as a food additive

Removal of Rhodamine B from Water by Benzyl‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids

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