Genotype by Environment Interaction for Growth in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Four Farms of Norway

Bangera, Rama; Drangsholt, Tale Marie Karlsson; Nielsen, Henrik Skov; Sae-Lim, Panya; Ødegård, Jørgen; Puvanendran, Velmurugu; Hansen, Øyvind; Mortensen, Atle

doi:10.3390/jmse3020412

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Model Description), lending good empirical support to this model and providing evidence for more strongly density-dependent growth. However, aquaculture studies of Atlantic cod (62,63) suggest a high genetic variance in growth, and previous studies of other species found evidence for harvest-induced evolution of growth (10,29,64,65), suggesting that weaker density dependence and more evolution of growth are possible. Another possibility is that the strength of density-dependent growth has varied over time, which could happen if, for example, ecosystem conditions have changed (66,67).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Eikeset

Dunlop

Heino

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The relative roles of density dependence and life history evolution in contributing to rapid fisheries-induced trait changes remain debated. In the 1930s, northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua), currently the world's largest cod stock, experienced a shift from a traditional spawning-ground fishery to an industrial trawl fishery with elevated exploitation in the stock's feeding grounds. Since then, age and length at maturation have declined dramatically, a trend paralleled in other exploited stocks worldwide. These trends can be explained by demographic truncation of the population's age structure, phenotypic plasticity in maturation arising through density-dependent growth, fisheries-induced evolution favoring faster-growing or earlier-maturing fish, or a combination of these processes. Here, we use a multitrait eco-evolutionary model to assess the capacity of these processes to reproduce 74 y of historical data on age and length at maturation in northeast Arctic cod, while mimicking the stock's historical harvesting regime. Our results show that model predictions critically depend on the assumed density dependence of growth: when this is weak, life history evolution might be necessary to prevent stock collapse, whereas when a stronger density dependence estimated from recent data is used, the role of evolution in explaining fisheries-induced trait changes is diminished. Our integrative analysis of density-dependent growth, multitrait evolution, and stock-specific time series data underscores the importance of jointly considering evolutionary and ecological processes, enabling a more comprehensive perspective on empirically observed stock dynamics than previous studies could provide.phenotypic plasticity | eco-evolutionary dynamics | management | genetic adaptation | genetic variance

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Eikeset

Dunlop

Heino

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Another thing to consider in a giant gourami selection program is an environmental cultivation factor. As reported by [3] that aquaculture, ecological variables can affect fish growth performance throughout the production environment. The difference between ecological variables can induce a *Corresponding author: mmlitbang@gmail.com phenomenon called genotype interaction by the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…There is a possible change in ranking genotype performance in different environments, which is the best genotype in one production environment may not be the best in another production environment. As confirmed by [3], selection based on one environment can reduce genetic advantages in other production environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effectiveness of Grading on Population Growth Performance for Giant Gourami (Osphronemus gourami) in Selection Program

Sularto¹,

Hadie

Febrianti³

et al. 2021

E3S Web Conf.

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Selection programs applied to fish commodities can be done through some structured stages. The grading process is one of the critical stages of the selection program. Grading can be done by selecting a group of fish in a population that has the best growth performance. Fish groups that selection criteria for the next are maintained populations. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of grading on the growth of the gourami. This research conducted strains of giant 1gourami Jambi, Kalimantan, Majalengka, and Tasikmalaya strains.The first grading with fish body weight criteria was carried out by the time the gourami population was 11 months old, so it was obtained sub population in three sizes. Each strain is then nurtured separately. After each population months-old gourami, each individual was tagged, then maintained communally until 25 months old. Results of the experiment suggest that grading is apparently effective in affecting giant gourami growth significantly differences (P< 0.05). The implications of this research can be applied in the huge gourami selection program to produce superior strain.

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“…Consequently, several studies have focused on estimation of the heritability of body weight traits across the production cycle: at tagging, 1+ of age, at 2 years, 2.5 years/harvest. Overall, moderate to high estimates of heritability have been reported for body weight at different stages of production, 56,162,164‐167 with exception of Bangera et al 168 who estimated mainly low heritability for 2.5‐year body weight at different geographical locations. Body weight measurements registered close together are genetically highly correlated, whereas more distant body weight measurements are less genetically correlated 56,166 …”

Section: Establishment Of Norwegian Selective Breeding Programme For Codmentioning

confidence: 97%

Development of cod farming in Norway: Past and current biological and market status and future prospects and directions

Puvanendran

Mortensen

Johansen

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Atlantic cod is a historically abundant species in the North Atlantic region and has contributed to the prosperity of many nations. But a decline in stocks in the last century has prompted to initiate commercial farming of cod in captive conditions. Several approaches have been employed ranging from stock enhancement, capture‐based aquaculture and intensive cod farming. However, except for the enhancement efforts which were carried out for almost a century, efforts on other methods were intermittent coinciding with lower quotas. Intensive farming was attempted in Norway, Scotland, Ireland, Canada, Iceland and Faroe Islands in the 2000s. But it was carried out hastily to cash in the demand for cod in the market even though there were many biological knowledge gaps that are required for a successful aquaculture venture. The reasons for the failure of commercial farming in Norway during the 2000s were not only because of limited knowledge of the biology of cod but also the economic meltdown in Europe in 2008. Cod farming came to a halt; however, the Norwegian National Cod Breeding Program (NCBP) initiated in 2003 continued to operate and produced a fifth generation of a domesticated cod in 2019. Efforts to fill the gaps and the selective breeding for better growth and disease resistance within NCBP have improved the quality of the juveniles produced. We will discuss the past efforts and reasons for failure in farming of cod, how the current situation looks and the future direction in terms of cod biology, political atmosphere and market.

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Genotype by Environment Interaction for Growth in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Four Farms of Norway

Cited by 13 publications

References 41 publications

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Roles of density-dependent growth and life history evolution in accounting for fisheries-induced trait changes

Effectiveness of Grading on Population Growth Performance for Giant Gourami (Osphronemus gourami) in Selection Program

Development of cod farming in Norway: Past and current biological and market status and future prospects and directions

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