Genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Nigeria

Oni, Ayodele Ø.; Harrison, Tim J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199607)49:3<178::aid-jmv4>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Genotype 5 has not been reported among co-infected patients before now. However, multiple genotypes including 1, 2 and 4 have been previously reported among the general population in Nigeria [42, 43], in addition to numerous reported sero-prevalence studies [44]. These reports show that even within regions in Nigeria, HCV genotypes are differentially distributed and this has serious implication for HCV vaccine development and management of infection in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus among HIV/ HCV co-infected patients in Nigeria

2019

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with liver disease including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronically-infected persons. However, in HIV/HCV co-infected patients, increased rate of progression to cirrhosis and HCC has been reported. Limited information exists regarding genetic variants of HCV circulating among co-infected patients, which could be important in the design of broadly protective vaccine and management of the disease. Here, we determined the genotypes of HCV isolates circulating among HIV/HCV co-infected patients in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-five HIV/HCV IgM positive samples obtained from HIV laboratory, University of Ibadan were used for this study. HCV NS5B gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified NS5B gene was sequenced using gene specific primers. Twenty isolates were amplified, out of which 13 were successfully sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the 13 sequenced isolates showed three HCV subtypes 1a, 3a and 5a belonging to genotypes 1, 3 and 5 respectively. Ten isolates (77%) belong to subtype 5a, followed by 2 isolates (15%) subtype 1a and 1 isolate (8%) was subtype 3a. The predominant HCV genotype was 5, followed by genotype 1 (subtype 1a). The findings, as well as the observed mutations in NS5B gene, indicate the need for screening and monitoring of HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Further study to determine the phylogeny of isolates circulating in other parts of Nigeria will be carried out.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus among HIV/ HCV co-infected patients in Nigeria

2019

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“…In this study, as in others ( 8 ), multiple sets of primers were needed to amplify these regions because different primer sets worked for different samples, which reflects the diversity of HCV. Our HCV Core/E1 tree showed 3 clusters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Alternatively, perhaps true antibody-positive participants did not have positive RT-PCR results because they had cleared HCV viremia; however, in the industrialized world, most antibody-positive persons have persistent viremia. We did not confirm ELISA positivity with RIBA because, in Africa, few HCV ELISA-positive samples are confirmed by RIBA ( 3 , 8 ). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did not find correlations between infection in children and either seropositivity or viremia in their mothers. We expected to see iatrogenic transmission ( 1 , 8 ) because the children in this study all had sickle cell disease and more than half had had blood transfusions, and many had had multiple transfusions. Most children would have also had potential exposure to HCV from contaminated needles used during the course of their medical care or blades used in scarification by traditional healers ( 9 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in Ugandan Children and Their Mothers

Biggar

Ortiz-Conde

Bagni

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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In Kampala, Uganda, in 2001, hepatitis C virus antibodies were found in 27 (4%) of 603 children and in 62 (12%) of 525 of their mothers. However, only ≈10% of positive results were confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR, which suggests frequent false-positive results or viral clearance. All sequenced types were genotype 4.T he prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in sub-Saharan African populations is an estimated 3%, with modest regional variation (1). The true prevalence may be lower because some positive HCV ELISA results may be due to cross-reactivity, and the reliability of recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) as a confirmatory assay is unclear (2,3). Few studies have confirmed antibody-positive results by molecular methods, and data on HCV genotypes in Africans are limited.In Uganda, 2 studies showed a low HCV seroprevalence (2,4), but neither examined samples for viral RNA. In 2001, we conducted a survey of Ugandan children with sickle cell disease and their mothers and found that human herpesvirus 8 infection was associated with transfusion in these children (5). Children with sickle cell anemia receive frequent injections during their care, and transfusions are frequently required for anemia. We therefore assumed that our population would be at increased risk for HCV infection. We tested for HCV antibodies and, on antibody-positive samples, sought HCV RNA to confirm antibody reactivity. For RNA-positive samples, we identified genotypes by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The StudyIn 2001, we enrolled 603 children (1-16 years of age) attending the Sickle Cell Clinic at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, in our study. By design, approximately half of the children had a history of blood transfusion. When available, the mothers of these children were also enrolled. Participants provided standardized information and blood samples. Plasma and buffy coats were immediately prepared and frozen at −80°C until testing.Plasma specimens were tested by using an ELISA for HCV antibodies to recombinant antigens c22, c200, and NS5B (ELISA-3.0, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. To conserve samples we did not confirm positive results by RIBA but instead tested for virus in plasma by using a realtime reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay for HCV RNA developed in our laboratory. This quantitative assay amplified a conserved 155-nucleotide target sequence within the HCV 5′ untranslated region and had an absolute sensitivity of 9 IU/mL of viral load (43 copies/mL). Total RNA was extracted from 140 µL plasma by using the Qiagen Viral RNA Mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA). RT-PCR was performed in a Thermo Hybaid MBS 0.2S (Fisher Scientific International, Hampton, NH, USA) in triplicate reactions that used 10 µL RNA per reaction. After cDNA synthesis, quantitative PCR was performed by using an ABI Prism 7700 or 7900 Sequence Detection System (Applied BioSystems, Foster City, CA, USA). HCV RNA-positive specimens were further characterized by sequencing parts of the ...

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“…For example, 37% of HCV‐infected Lebanese patients with thalassaemia had genotype 4 13 . Several small studies from Africa suggest that HCV4 is the predominant genotype on that continent, 14–16 but a recent study from Cameroon in patients coinfected with HCV and HIV showed that HCV4 comprised only 16% of their patients, with genotype 1 being the most predominant genotype 16 …”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of hepatitis C virus genotype 4

Abdo

Lee

2004

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 is predominantly found in the Middle East and North Africa. Because most of the large randomized controlled trials of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C were conducted in North America and Europe, little is known about management of patients with this particular genotype. Based on the available data, sustained virological response rates to interferon-based therapies appear to be intermediate between the relatively resistant HCV genotype 1 and the readily responsive genotypes 2 and 3. Several large prospective studies of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy, the current gold-standard treatment, have recently been completed and will be reviewed.

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Genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Nigeria

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus among HIV/ HCV co-infected patients in Nigeria

Phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus among HIV/ HCV co-infected patients in Nigeria

Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in Ugandan Children and Their Mothers

Management of hepatitis C virus genotype 4

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