Genotypic analyses and virulence characterization of<i>Glaesserella parasuis</i>isolates from Taiwan

Lin, Wei‐Hao; Shih, Hsing‐Chun; Lin, Chuen‐Fu; Yang, Cheng‐Yao; Lin, Chao‐Nan; Chiou, Ming‐Tang

doi:10.7717/peerj.6960

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…Haemophilus parasuis, or Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) according to the new taxonomic reclassification, is normally a benign swine commensal in upper respiratory tract but may cause severe vascular lesions and multiorgan dysfunction, eliciting serious economic losses annually worldwide [46,47]. Commercial bacterins are often used to vaccinate swine against H. parasuis, but the deficiency in crossreactivity makes sole-serotype inactivated vaccine an ineffective means of protection against this disease [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Protects Mice against Haemophilus parasuis and Elevates the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines of Macrophage via JNK–MAPK and NF–κB Signal Pathways through TLR4

Dai

Yang

et al. 2019

Vaccines

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The potD gene, belonging to the well-conserved ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system potABCD, encodes the bacterial substrate-binding subunit of the polyamine transport system. In this study, we found PotD in Haemophilus (Glaesserella) parasuis could actively stimulate both humoral immune and cellular immune responses and elevate lymphocyte proliferation, thus eliciting a Th1-type immune response in a murine immunity and infection model. Stimulation of Raw 264.7 macrophages with PotD validated that Toll-like receptor 4, rather than 2, participated in the positive transcription and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL–1β, IL–6, and TNF–α using qPCR and ELISA. Blocking signal-regulated JNK–MAPK and RelA(p65) pathways significantly decreased PotD-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Overall, we conclude that vaccination of PotD could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and provide immunoprotection against H. parasuis challenge. The data also suggest that Glaesserella PotD is a novel pro-inflammatory mediator and induces TLR4-dependent pro-inflammatory activity in Raw 264.7 macrophages through JNK–MAPK and RelA(p65) pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Protects Mice against Haemophilus parasuis and Elevates the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines of Macrophage via JNK–MAPK and NF–κB Signal Pathways through TLR4

Dai

Yang

et al. 2019

Vaccines

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show abstract

“…G. parasuis is usually a benign swine commensal in the upper respiratory tract but may cause severe multiorgan dysfunction and vascular lesions when the host immunity drops [ 27 ]. Commercial bacterins are usually used to vaccinate swine against G. parasuis , but the lack of cross-reactivity makes sole-serotype inactivated vaccine an invalid means of protection against this disease [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Ion Periplasmic-Binding Protein YfeA of Glaesserella parasuis Induces the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines of Macrophages via MAPK and NF-κB Signaling through TLR2 and TLR4

Yang

Tang

Wang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The YfeA gene, belonging to the well-conserved ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system Yfe, encodes the substrate-binding subunit of the iron, zinc, and manganese transport system in bacteria. As a potential vaccine candidate in Glaesserella parasuis, the functional mechanisms of YfeA in the infection process remain obscure. In this study, vaccination with YfeA effectively protected the C56BL6 mouse against the G. parasuis SC1401 challenge. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that YfeA is highly conserved in G. parasuis, and its metal-binding sites have been strictly conserved throughout evolution. Stimulation of RAW 264.7 macrophages with YfeA verified that toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 participated in the positive transcription and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The activation of TLR2 and TLR4 utilized the MyD88/MAL and TRIF/TRAM pairs to initiate TLRs signaling. Furthermore, YfeA was shown to stimulate nuclear translocation of NF-κB and activated diverse mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades, which are specific to the secretion of particular cytokine(s) in murine macrophages. Separate blocking TLR2, TLR4, MAPK, and RelA (p65) pathways significantly decreased YfeA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, YfeA-stimulated RAW 264.7 produces the pro-inflammatory hallmark, reactive oxygen species (ROS). In conclusion, our findings indicate that YfeA is a novel pro-inflammatory mediator in G. parasuis and induces TLR2 and TLR4-dependent pro-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages through P38, JNK-MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways.

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“…Serotyping is the most commonly used subtyping method, and is traditionally considered to be associated with virulence, but increasing evidence indicated that serovar is a poor proxy for virulence ( 14 , 40 , 41 ). To resolve this problem, such as genome-wide association study (GWAS), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) ( 42 ), multiplex PCR (mPCR) ( 43 ) and multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) ( 44 ), have been used to differentiate G. parasuis strains and predicte virulence-associated genes. Although several studies have identified putative virulence-associated genes, their role in pathogenesis has not been demonstrated ( 45 – 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Glaesserella parasuis Virulence in Mice and Piglets

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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In this study, we compared the virulence of the most common serovars of Glaesserella parasuis in China, serovars 4, 5, 12, and 13 (36 strains in total) in BALB/c mice and piglets. In mice, the median lethal doses (LD50s) of the four serovars were roughly 9.80 × 107–4.60 × 109 CFU, 2.10 × 108–8.85 × 109 CFU, 4.81 × 107–7.01 × 109 CFU, and 1.75 × 108–8.45 × 108 CFU, respectively. Serovar 13 showed the strongest virulence, followed by serovar 4, serovar 12, and serovar 5, but a significant difference in virulence was only observed between serovars 5 and 13. The virulence of strains of the same serovars differed significantly in piglets. Virulent and attenuated strains were present in all serovars, but serovar 5 was the most virulent in piglets, followed by serovars 13, 4, and 12. A significant difference in virulence was observed between serovars 5 and 4 and between serovars 5 and 12. However, the virulence of serovars 5 and 13 did not differ significantly. This comprehensive analysis of G. parasuis virulence in mice and piglets demonstrated that: (1) the order of virulence of the four domestic epidemic serovars (from strongest to weakest) in piglets was serovars 5, 13, 4, and 12; (2) both virulent and attenuated strains were present in all serovars, so virulence did not necessarily correlate with serovar; (3) Although G. parasuis was fatal in BALB/c mice, its virulence is inconsistent with that in piglets, indicating that BALB/c mice are inadequate as an alternative model of G. parasuis infection.

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Genotypic analyses and virulence characterization ofGlaesserella parasuisisolates from Taiwan

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Protects Mice against Haemophilus parasuis and Elevates the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines of Macrophage via JNK–MAPK and NF–κB Signal Pathways through TLR4

Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Protects Mice against Haemophilus parasuis and Elevates the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines of Macrophage via JNK–MAPK and NF–κB Signal Pathways through TLR4

Metal Ion Periplasmic-Binding Protein YfeA of Glaesserella parasuis Induces the Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines of Macrophages via MAPK and NF-κB Signaling through TLR2 and TLR4

Comparison of the Glaesserella parasuis Virulence in Mice and Piglets

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