Genotyping-by-sequencing markers facilitate the identification of quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to Penicillium expansum in Malus sieversii

Norelli, John L.; Wisniewski, Michael; Fazio, Gennaro; Burchard, Erik; Gutierrez, Benjamin; Levin, E.J.; Droby, Samir

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172949

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This population was genotyped and phenotyped for postharvest resistance to P. expansum over a four–year period with the objective of identifying heritable genetic markers for blue mold resistance. Norelli et al ( 2017 ) identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on LG3 of apple, qM– Pe3.1 , that accounts for almost 30% of the observed variation in blue mold resistance in the GMAL4593 mapping population, and determined that resistance at this locus was due to an allele from M. sieversii (PI613981). Another significant QTL for blue mold resistance, qM- Pe 10.1, was identified on LG10 where many ripening-related genes are located (Costa et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Response of Resistant (PI613981–Malus sieversii) and Susceptible (“Royal Gala”) Genotypes of Apple to Blue Mold (Penicillium expansum) Infection

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malus sieversii from Central Asia is a progenitor of the modern domesticated apple (Malus × domestica). Several accessions of M. sieversii are highly resistant to the postharvest pathogen Penicillium expansum. A previous study identified the qM–Pe3.1 QTL on LG3 for resistance to P. expansum in the mapping population GMAL4593, developed using the resistant accession, M. sieversii –PI613981, and the susceptible cultivar “Royal Gala” (RG) (M. domestica), as parents. The goal of the present study was to characterize the transcriptomic response of susceptible RG and resistant PI613981 apple fruit to wounding and inoculation with P. expansum using RNA–Seq. Transcriptomic analyses 0–48 h post inoculation suggest a higher basal level of resistance and a more rapid and intense defense response to wounding and wounding plus inoculation with P. expansum in M. sieversii –PI613981 than in RG. Functional analysis showed that ethylene–related genes and genes involved in “jasmonate” and “MYB–domain transcription factor family” were over–represented in the resistant genotype. It is suggested that the more rapid response in the resistant genotype (Malus sieversii–PI613981) plays a major role in the resistance response. At least twenty DEGs were mapped to the qM–Pe3.1 QTL (M × d v.1: 26,848,396–28,424,055) on LG3, and represent potential candidate genes responsible for the observed resistance QTL in M. sieversii–PI613981. RT–qPCR of several of these genes was used to validate the RNA–Seq data and to confirm their higher expression in MS0.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic Response of Resistant (PI613981–Malus sieversii) and Susceptible (“Royal Gala”) Genotypes of Apple to Blue Mold (Penicillium expansum) Infection

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This difference is consistent with the presence of three positive alleles for farnesene production in the GS parent. Interestingly, one of the two major QTLs for resistance to P. expansum has also been located on LG10 between 73.6 and 81.8 cM in a ‘Royal Gala’ × Malus sieversii population (Norelli et al ., ). The most significant marker detected was at 29 121 625 bp, inside the 95% confidence interval for ( E,E )‐α‐farnesene production, suggesting that variation in MdAFS1 alleles might also underpin the QTL for resistance to P. expansum .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic control of α‐farnesene production in apple fruit and its role in fungal pathogenesis

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Terpenes are important compounds in plant trophic interactions. A meta-analysis of GC-MS data from a diverse range of apple (Malus 3 domestica) genotypes revealed that apple fruit produces a range of terpene volatiles, with the predominant terpene being the acyclic branched sesquiterpene (E,E)-a-farnesene. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for a-farnesene production in ripe fruit were identified in a segregating 'Royal Gala' (RG) 3 'Granny Smith' (GS) population with one major QTL on linkage group 10 co-locating with the MdAFS1 (a-farnesene synthase-1) gene. Three of the four QTLs were derived from the GS parent, which was consistent with GC-MS analysis of headspace and solvent-extracted terpenes showing that cold-treated GS apples produced higher levels of (E,E)-a-farnesene than RG. Transgenic RG fruit downregulated for MdAFS1 expression produced significantly lower levels of (E,E)-a-farnesene. To evaluate the role of (E,E)-a-farnesene in fungal pathogenesis, MdAFS1 RNA interference transgenic fruit and RG controls were inoculated with three important apple post-harvest pathogens [Colletotrichum acutatum, Penicillium expansum and Neofabraea alba (synonym Phlyctema vagabunda)]. From results obtained over four seasons, we demonstrate that reduced (E,E)-a-farnesene is associated with decreased disease initiation rates of all three pathogens. In each case, the infection rate was significantly reduced 7 days post-inoculation, although the size of successful lesions was comparable with infections on control fruit. These results indicate that (E,E)-a-farnesene production is likely to be an important factor involved in fungal pathogenesis in apple fruit.

show abstract

“…Pronounced resistance against blue mould has never been reported in Malus × domestica cultivars. Two QTLs were, however, recently identified in a seedling progeny from a cross between a blue mould-resistant M. sieversii genotype and the moderately tolerant 'Royal Gala' (Norelli et al, 2017). The most influential of these QTLs, mapped to linkage group 3, is apparently inherited from the resistant M. sieversii parent.…”

Section: Factors Involved In Blue Mould Tolerancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The commonly observed decline in resistance as the fruit matures (Norelli et al, 2017) may be connected also to changes in SSC and acidity. Previous analyses of fruit from mid-to late-ripening dessert cultivars (similar to the ones used in the present study) show about 10% increase in SSC and 50% decrease in acidity from the first harvest to the last harvest four weeks later (Tahir and Nybom, 2013).…”

Section: Factors Involved In Blue Mould Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical contents and blue mould susceptibility in Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars

Spoor¹,

Rumpunen²,

Sehic³

et al. 2019

European.J.Hortic.Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Content of polyphenols in cider apples is of utmost importance; while procyanidins are the only true tannins, other phenolic compounds can act as precursors for cider aroma (Lea, 1995; Wojdylo, 2008). Moreover, human health effects have been indicated for some phenolic compounds in apple like phloridzin (Schulze et al., 2014). A thorough screening of the chemical contents of cider apple cultivars could therefore be used as a basis for developing more healthy beverages. A suitable level of acidity is required to obtain sufficient flavour and to avoid bacterial infection during the fermentation. To ensure sufficient fermentation, a comparatively high sugar content is also desirable. Most craft ciders are produced from a careful blend of cider and dessert cultivars, which together offer the desired levels of tannins, acid and sugar. Chemical content in dessert apple is affected by various environmental factors like orchard location and management (Tahir and Nybom, 2013). A similar environmental impact is expected for cider apples. In a recent trial with four English cider cultivars in Washington, USA, chemical content was compared to data obtained for the same cultivars when previously grown at Long Ashton in England (Alexander et al., 2016). Amount of tannins in the Washington-produced juice was almost halved compared to that in England, possibly due to differences in, e.g., rootstock, pruning, irrigation and fertilization. In addition, significant year-by-year variation in the Washington orchards could be attributed to weather conditions. Part of the fruit yield is usually lost during harvest and storage due to fungal diseases like blue mould, Penicillium expansum (Pianzzola et al., 2004). Commonly, harvesting in cider apple orchards consists of allowing the fruit to drop to the ground-sometimes after vigorous shaking of the trees. This procedure results in numerous potential entry points German Society for Horticultural Science Summary Craft apple cider is obtained by fermentation of juice from tannin-rich cider apple cultivars. Polyphenols in cider apples are very important; while procyanidins are the only true tannins, other phenolic compounds can act as precursors for cider aroma. Several recent studies have also reported that a high content of polyphenols in apple decreases susceptibility to the common storage rot blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum. Chemical content was determined in fruit of 19 Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars and 5 dessert apple cultivars in 2016. Inoculation with blue mould spores was undertaken in 2016 on 5 cider apple cultivars and 5 dessert apple cultivars, and repeated again in 2017 on 8 of these cultivars. Contrary to expectations, the cider apple cultivars were significantly more susceptible to blue mould in spite of their higher phenolics content. Although apparently unrelated to amount of phenols in the fruit of our study cultivars, heritability of blue mould susceptibility should be further investigated since all of the cider apples had one parent in common: 'James Griev...

show abstract

Genotyping-by-sequencing markers facilitate the identification of quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to Penicillium expansum in Malus sieversii

Cited by 43 publications

References 76 publications

Transcriptomic Response of Resistant (PI613981–Malus sieversii) and Susceptible (“Royal Gala”) Genotypes of Apple to Blue Mold (Penicillium expansum) Infection

Transcriptomic Response of Resistant (PI613981–Malus sieversii) and Susceptible (“Royal Gala”) Genotypes of Apple to Blue Mold (Penicillium expansum) Infection

Genetic control of α‐farnesene production in apple fruit and its role in fungal pathogenesis

Chemical contents and blue mould susceptibility in Swedish-grown cider apple cultivars

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About