Genre-dependent effects of 3D film on presence, motion sickness, and protagonist perception

Baranowski, Andreas; Keller, K.; Hecht, Heiko

doi:10.1016/j.displa.2016.06.004

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In one study, the visual presence of a 2D image on a 65" UHD flat TV at a viewing distance of 2 m deceased by 17% when the viewing angle was increased from 0˚to 45 [ 54]. Conversely, the presence on an 86" screen at a viewing distance of 0.9 H (1.75 m) did not significantly change at three viewing angles (-19˚, 0˚, and +19˚) [16]. This inconsistency is presumably due to the increased presence with the combined effect of a larger screen size (55-86") and a closer viewing distance (2-1.75 m) vs. 55"-2.3 m or 65"-2 m.…”

Section: Effects Of Field Of View and Viewing Anglementioning

confidence: 96%

“…TV watching experience comprises diverse elements. In previous studies on TV watching experience, presence [1,[16][17][18][19], visual comfort [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], image quality [17,27,28], satisfaction [26], visual fatigue [26,[29][30][31], motion sickness [16], empirical 3-dimensional (3D) image distortion [21], and emotional reactions [28] were considered. User satisfaction is used to explain the overall quality of experience with visual display products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, many TV watching experience elements have been considered: presence [16,19], visual comfort [24,26], image quality [17,28], satisfaction [26], visual fatigue [26,29], motion sickness [16,57], image distortion [21], and emotional reactions [28]. The spatial presence felt by a display user can act as a predictor for user satisfaction [58].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Curved TVs improved watching experience when display curvature radii approached viewing distances: Effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience

Park

Kyung

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Although watching TV often involves multiple viewing distances and viewers, less attention has been paid to the effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience. This study examined the effects of four display curvature radii (2300R, 4000R, 6000R, and flat), two viewing distances (2.3 m and 4 m), and five lateral viewing positions (P 1-P 5 ; 0, 35, 70, 105, and 140 cm off-center) on seven TV watching experience elements (spatial presence, engagement, ecological validity, negative effects, visual comfort, image quality, and user satisfaction). Fifty-six individuals (14 per display curvature radius) were seated in pairs to watch videos, each time at a different viewing position (2 viewing distances × 5 paired lateral viewing positions). The spatial presence and engagement increased when display curvature radius approached a viewing distance and lateral viewing position approached P 1 , with 4000R-4m-P 1 (display curvature radius-viewing distance-lateral viewing position) providing the best results. Lateral viewing position alone significantly affected five TV watching experience elements; the spatial presence and engagement decreased at P 3-P 5 , and ecological validity, image quality, and user satisfaction decreased at P 4-P 5. However, display curvature radius alone did not appreciably affect TV watching experience, and viewing distance alone significantly affected visual comfort only, with a 4-m viewing distance increasing visual comfort. This study demonstrated that effective display curvature radii for watching TV are viewing distance-dependent, and less off-center lateral viewing positions (P 1-P 2) are recommended for TV watching experience. Finally, among the TV watching experience elements, engagement explained user satisfaction to the greatest degree.

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Section: Effects Of Field Of View and Viewing Anglementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Curved TVs improved watching experience when display curvature radii approached viewing distances: Effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience

Park

Kyung

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…has been proposed for the description of the body sway where ( ) and ( ) represent the white noise and the time-averaged potential function (TAPF) in the lateral component, respectively. In general, the first term on the right-hand side is regarded as a linear function for each component [89][90][91], i.e. the body sway has been described as a Brownian motion [92][93].…”

Section: Mathematical Models Of the Body Sway To Evaluate The Motion Sicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Studies of Motion Sickness Visually Induced by Stereoscopic Films

Matsuura¹,

Tanaka²

2021

Adv. sci. technol. eng. syst. j.

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Humans have experienced motion sickness and possessed the knowledge of stereopsis since classical antiquity. Knowledge of stereopsis dates back to approximately 300 B.C., when Euclid first recognized the concept of depth perception in human vision. Further, the motion sickness is including a sensation of wooziness and nausea that has been documented since approximately 400 B.C., when it was mentioned in the Aphorisms of Hippocrates. Stereoscopic images that utilize binocular stereopsis can frequently cause viewers to experience unpleasant symptoms including visual fatigue. Despite the increased use of three-dimensional (3D) display technologies and numerous studies on 3D vision, there is insufficient accumulation of researches to clarify the effects of 3D images on the human body. Therefore, the safety of viewing virtual 3D images is an important social issue. Inconsistency between convergence and lens accommodation is suspected as a cause of which motion sickness induced by stereoscopic viewing have not yet been identified. A system to simultaneously measure the convergence and lens accommodation is constructed to characterize the 3D vision. Fixation distances were compared between the convergence and lens accommodation while a subject repeatedly viewed 3D video clips. The results indicated that the accommodative power did not correspond to the distance of convergence after 90 s of continuously viewing 3D images. Presently, the relationship between this inconsistency and the unpleasant symptoms remains unclear. Therefore, we introduce empirical research on the motion sickness that can contribute to developments in the relevant fields of science and technology.

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“…For example, there has been a study looking at whether changes in presence (a sense of being there) exist for different genres of 3D TV programs [16] and a study investigating the effect of genre on 3D movies [17]. It also studied whether 3D images offer the same amount of user satisfaction [18], how 3D images influence the users' biological signals and awakening [19], and how 3D games affect the level of user engagement as compared to 2D games [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of affective and physiological responses to emotional movies

Kim

Cho

Park

2018

Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci.

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IntroductionThe three-dimensional movies are popular among today's generation. Following the success of the blockbuster movie Avatar, interest in 3D movies has increased significantly, leading to the production of more 3D movies. 3D televisions, 3D broadcasting and 3D Blu-ray movies also hit the market. More recently, virtual reality becomes a popular trend for consumers who want even more immersive 3D experiences. A few months ago Paramount Pictures launches the first virtual reality movie theater.Along with the rising popularity in 3D technologies, the biggest concern of creating 3D contents is to offer deeper and more meaningful experiences. Many works have shown that 3D images help users experience excitement, a feeling of presence, and enjoyment, and even performance advantages for depth-related tasks [1]. Despite the growing interest in 3D contents and technologies, few are concerned about viewers' perceptual and emotional responses to 3D stimuli.Much 3D related research is focused on technical factors, such as the fidelity of stereoscopic depth and reduction of visual discomforts while the viewer is watching 3D [2][3][4]. For example, subjective evaluation was used to compare visual fatigue induced by AbstractIn this research, we investigated on user's affective and physiological responses to the emotional movies. The emotional movies provide continuous feedback such as changes in saturation, brightness and contrast of the movie in response to users' emotional states. In the user study, the subjects watched the emotional movies, edited by fearful and joyful scenes, and presented in 2D and 3D formats. The subject's self-reported emotion responses and their physiological signals were analyzed. The results highlight the importance of scenes (such as, the color, tone, and brightness of the scene) than 2D or 3D format in understanding the impact of users' emotional responses. More physiological emotional changes, positive user responses and higher correlation rate between physiological and subjective responses were evident for joyful scene than fearful scene when presented in 3D format. Kim et al. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2018) et al. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2018) 8:15 2D and 3D high-definition television (HDTV) [5], but subjective evaluations often show considerable variation between individuals. RESEARCHPage 2 of 17 KimOn the other hand, physiological measurements provide a more objective evaluation for studying visual fatigue induced by a 3D display [6]. For example, the study on influence of 3D TV based on physiological signals measured the viewers' emotional states [7,8]. Results showed a correlation between the effect of physiological responses and emotional states. This indicates that physiological responses can be potentially ample indicators of emotionally engaging 3D video.Human emotion is a complex phenomenon with both affective and physiological components. The affective component refers to the users' subjective feeling while the physiological component refers to the physiological...

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Genre-dependent effects of 3D film on presence, motion sickness, and protagonist perception

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Curved TVs improved watching experience when display curvature radii approached viewing distances: Effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience

Curved TVs improved watching experience when display curvature radii approached viewing distances: Effects of display curvature radius, viewing distance, and lateral viewing position on TV watching experience

Evaluation Studies of Motion Sickness Visually Induced by Stereoscopic Films

Comparative analysis of affective and physiological responses to emotional movies

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