Gentamicin Exposure and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Preterm Infants

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of gentamicin exposure on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.MethodsExposure to gentamicin was determined in infants born between 1993 and 2010 at a gestational age < 32 weeks and/or with a birthweight < 1500 g, who presented with SNHL during the first 5 years of life. For each case, we selected two controls matched for gender, gestational age, birthweight, and year of birth.ResultsWe identified 25 infants affected by SNHL, leading to an incidence of SNHL of 1.58% in our population of VLBW infants. The proportion of infants treated with gentamicin was 76% in the study group and 70% in controls (p = 0.78). The total cumulated dose of gentamicin administered did not differ between the study group (median 10.2 mg/kg, Q1-Q3 1.6–13.2) and the control group (median 7.9 mg/kg, Q1-Q3 0–12.8, p = 0.47). The median duration of gentamicin treatment was 3 days both in the study group and the control group (p = 0.58). Maximum predicted trough serum levels of gentamicin, cumulative area under the curve and gentamicin clearance were not different between cases and controls.ConclusionThe impact of gentamicin on SNHL can be minimized with treatments of short duration, monitoring of blood levels and dose adjustment.

Monitoring intraventricular vancomycin for ventriculostomy access device infection in preterm infants

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High Risk Factors Associated With Early Childhood Hearing Loss: A 3-Year Review

“…Two risk factors were examined in isolation due to their high frequency of occurrence and known association or equivocal association with hearing loss. One of these factors was treatment with ototoxic medications due to the incongruous findings between hearing loss and ototoxic medications in previous studies (e.g., no association found by Hess et al, 1998, andSetiabudy et al, 2013; association found by Bielecki, Horbulewicz, & Wolan, 2011;Fuchs et al, 2016;Robertson, Tyebkhan, Peliowski, Etches, & Cheung, 2006;Zimmerman & Lahav, 2013) and the high number of babies who received ototoxic medications in the study population. In this study, treatment with ototoxic medications (when combined with other risk factors) was the most prevalent risk factor, and 3.9% of all hearing loss was associated with their use.…”