Gentamicin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Townsend, David E.; Grubb, W.B.; Ashdown, N.

doi:10.3109/00313028309084707

Cited by 60 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The collection was additionally analyzed by resistogram typing against a panel of six chemicals and dyes (28,29). See the footnotes to Table 1 for further details.…”

Section: Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonization of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols for Epidemiological Typing of Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus : a Single Approach Developed by Consensus in 10 European Laboratories and Its Application for Tracing the Spread of Related Strains

Murchan

Kaufmann

Deplano³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

607

412

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Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the most common genotypic method used in reference and clinical laboratories for typing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Many different protocols have been developed in laboratories that have extensive experience with the technique and have established national databases. However, the comparabilities of the different European PFGE protocols for MRSA and of the various national MRSA clones themselves had not been addressed until now. This multinational European Union (EU) project has established for the first time a European database of representative epidemic MRSA (EMRSA) strains and has compared them by using a new "harmonized" PFGE protocol developed by a consensus approach that has demonstrated sufficient reproducibility to allow the successful comparison of pulsed-field gels between laboratories and the tracking of strains around the EU. In-house protocols from 10 laboratories in eight European countries were compared by each center with a "gold standard" or initial harmonized protocol in which many of the parameters had been standardized. The group found that it was not important to standardize some elements of the protocol, such as the type of agarose, DNA block preparation, and plug digestion. Other elements were shown to be critical, namely, a standard gel volume and concentration of agarose, the DNA concentration in the plug, the ionic strength and volume of running buffer used, the running temperature, the voltage, and the switching times of electrophoresis. A new harmonized protocol was agreed on, further modified in a pilot study in two laboratories, and finally tested by all others. Seven laboratories' gels were found to be of sufficiently good quality to allow comparison of the strains by using a computer software program, while two gels could not be analyzed because of inadequate destaining and DNA overloading. Good-quality gels and inclusion of an internal quality control strain are essential before attempting intercenter PFGE comparisons. A number of clonally related strains have been shown to be present in multiple countries throughout Europe. The well-known Iberian clone has been demonstrated in Belgium,

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“…The collection was additionally analyzed by resistogram typing against a panel of six chemicals and dyes (28,29). See the footnotes to Table 1 for further details.…”

Section: Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonization of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols for Epidemiological Typing of Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus : a Single Approach Developed by Consensus in 10 European Laboratories and Its Application for Tracing the Spread of Related Strains

Murchan

Kaufmann

Deplano³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

607

412

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“…Molecular analysis of plasmid DNA isolated from such strains of S. aureus has identified separate plasmids encoding resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamicin (Lyon, May and Skurray, 1983;Townsend, Grubb and Ashdown, 1983a;Lyon et al, 1984a;Tennent, May and Skurray, 1984), although the latter resistance is chromosomally encoded in some strains. Resistance to erythromycin, kanamycin-neomycin, penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, cadmium and mercury is usually mediated by determinants carried by the chromosome in these multiresistant S. aureus strains (Lyon et al, 1983(Lyon et al, , 1984a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at an Australian Hospital between 1946 and 1981

Gillespie¹,

May²,

Skurray

1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY.A total of 517 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated at a hospital in Melbourne, Australia between 1946 and 198 1 was examined for resistance to a range of antimicrobial agents and for the presence of plasmid DNA. The use of mixed-culture transfer and restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the determinants for resistance to penicillin and to the heavy metals were carried by several related plasmids of (15-23) x lo6 mol. wt, and that tetracycline resistance was encoded on a plasmid of 2.8 x 1 O6 mol. wt in strains isolated before 1970. These phenotypes were chromosomally encoded in the majority of strains isolated thereafter. Resistance to chloramphenicol throughout the study period was plasmid-mediated. Of five aminoglycoside-resistance phenotypes, one was plasmid-mediated and three were chromosomally encoded. The remaining phenotype, specifying low-level gentamicin resistance, was found to be located on the chromosome of early isolates, but in later strains was borne by an 18 x lo6 mol. wt plasmid which also encoded resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds.

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“…The (14-6-22) x lo6 mol. wt plasmids determine resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (Townsend et al, 1983a and1984a;Grubb et al, 1983), propamidine isethionate (Townsend et al, 1984b), ethidium bromide and a range of compounds (Emslie et al, 1985, and in press) which share a common property of being nucleic acid-binding compounds (NAB). Consequently, resistance to these agents will be referred to as NAB resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, resistance to these agents will be referred to as NAB resistance. The NAB-resistance plasmids also carry one or more of the determinants for pase, gentamicin (Gm) resistance or trimethoprim (Tp) resistance (Townsend et al, 1983a(Townsend et al, , 1984a(Townsend et al, and 1984b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Austalian Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Problem of Plasmid Incompatibility?

Townsend¹,

Ashdown²,

Grubb³

1985

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Gentamicin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Harmonization of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols for Epidemiological Typing of Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus : a Single Approach Developed by Consensus in 10 European Laboratories and Its Application for Tracing the Spread of Related Strains

Harmonization of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Protocols for Epidemiological Typing of Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus : a Single Approach Developed by Consensus in 10 European Laboratories and Its Application for Tracing the Spread of Related Strains

Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated at an Australian Hospital between 1946 and 1981

Evolution of Austalian Isolates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Problem of Plasmid Incompatibility?

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