Genu varum and football participation: Does football participation affect lower extremity alignment in adolescents?

Işın, Ali; Melekoğlu, Tuba

doi:10.1016/j.knee.2020.10.007

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Further studies with a sufficient sample size for each etiology are needed. Fourth, several studies showed that coronal knee alignment in adolescents was associated with participation in weight-bearing sports [ 28 , 29 ]. Therefore, the degree of physical activity may affect the rebound phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebound phenomenon and its risk factors after hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate in children with coronal angular deformity

Choi¹,

Lee

Park

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background This study was performed to evaluate the rebound phenomenon after the correction of coronal angular deformity by hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate in children and to identify its risk factors. Methods We reviewed 50 children (mean age, 11.0 ± 2.5 years) with 94 physes who had undergone hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate due to coronal angular deformity of the lower limb. Patients’ demographic data including sex, age at initial surgery and plate removal, affected bone (distal femur or proximal tibia), affected side, and body mass index were collected. The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) were measured from the teleradiogram, Physes were divided into rebound and non-rebound group, and rebound group was defined as the physes which had ≥ 5° of mLDFA or mMPTA returning to its original deformity. Generalized estimating equation based multivariable analysis was used to identify the risk factors for the rebound phenomenon after the deformity correction. Results A total of 41 physes classified into rebound group and 53 physes into non-rebound group. There were significant differences in the age at initial surgery (p = 0.004), the age at implant removal (p = 0.002), the amount of correction (p = 0.001), and the rate of correction (p < 0.001) between two groups. The rate of correction was significantly associated with the rebound phenomenon (p = 0.044). The risk of rebound phenomenon was 1.2-fold higher as the rate of correction increased by 1° per year. The cutoff values of the correction rate between the two groups were 6.9°/year (p < 0.001). Conclusions This study showed that the rebound group had younger age and faster correction rate than those in the non-rebound group. In addition, the correction rate for deformity was a significant risk factor for the rebound phenomenon after hemiepiphysiodesis using the tension band plate. Close monitoring after implant removal is required for children who have a rapid correction rate over 7°/year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebound phenomenon and its risk factors after hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate in children with coronal angular deformity

Choi¹,

Lee

Park

et al. 2022

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Genu valgum was classified when the medial surface of both knees was knocked together while both ankles were still apart [24,25]. Genu varum was classified as two or more fingers would fit between the knees when the ankles were together [24,26]. In the sagittal plane, knee alignment was classified into two categories: normal and genu recurvatum.…”

Section: Study Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Young Adult Women With Low to Moderate Physical Activity Levels

Nilmart

Yodchaisarn²,

Vongsirinavarat³

2022

IRJ

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Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) in young women with low to moderate Physical Activity (PA) levels. Methods: Women with low to moderate PA, aged between 18 and 40 years, were enrolled in this study. A Thai version of the Kujala patellofemoral questionnaire (KPQ), history taking, and physical examination were used to screen and confirm the diagnosis of PFPS. Demographic features, including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture, were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine confounding factors associated with PFPS. Results: A total of 1011 women with a Mean±SD age of 25.51±6.79 years participated in this study. The prevalence of PFPS was 15%. Age, BMI, PA, knee alignment, and static foot posture were not significantly associated with PFPS in this population. Discussion: Although the participants were young adults with low to moderate PA, the prevalence of PFPS was in the same range as the highly active groups. None of the factors investigated in this study could predict PFPS occurrence. Based on the findings, the risk factors of PFPS seem to be complex and individualized. The early diagnosis and treatment of PFPS should therefore be considered in this age group.

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“…The development of genu varum in athletic cohorts during adolescence has been well documented by studies using clinical measures of leg alignment. 8,[10][11][12]17,18 However, clinical measures are prone to error and can have poor reporducibility, with previous authors suggesting radiographic measures of leg alignment are required to validate their results. 17,18 While radiographic measures have shown athletes to have greater varus leg alignment than controls in adult cohorts, 13,23 there is a lack of radiographic measurement data in athletic adolescent cohorts.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Varus Leg Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,[10][11][12]17,18 However, clinical measures are prone to error and can have poor reporducibility, with previous authors suggesting radiographic measures of leg alignment are required to validate their results. 17,18 While radiographic measures have shown athletes to have greater varus leg alignment than controls in adult cohorts, 13,23 there is a lack of radiographic measurement data in athletic adolescent cohorts. The results reported in this study bridge this gap in the literature.…”

Section: Risk Factors For Varus Leg Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coronal‐plane leg alignment in adolescence and the effects of activity: A full leg length MRI study

Fernquest

Lloyd

Pereira

et al. 2022

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The aim of this study was to explore the association between developing coronal‐plane leg alignment and activity levels during adolescence. We performed a cross‐sectional cohort study with individuals from soccer club academies and an age‐matched control population. Outcome measures were the hip knee angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial physeal angle (MPTPhyA), lateral distal femoral physeal angle (LDFPhyA) on full leg length magnetic reasonance imagine scans, and the physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) score. The cohort comprised 57 elite male soccer players, 34 male and 34 female controls aged 11−21 years. Mean HKA became more varus with age, with little change after 16 years or skeletal maturity. Skeletally mature elite male soccer players were significantly more varus than male controls with a HKA 2.28° less than male controls (p < 0.001). Skeletally mature male controls had a HKA 1.34° less than female controls (p < 0.001). A negative correlation existed between HKA and PAQ score (coefficient −0.24, p = 0.029). A positive correlation existed between HKA and MPTPhyA (coefficient 0.32, p = 0.008). In conclusion, high activity levels during adolescence are associated with the development of varus leg alignment. Mean HKA becomes more varus with age until skeletal maturity. The development of varus alignment may represent a physiological adaptation to load at the proximal tibial physis. Clinical Significance: A time period may exist for intervention before the development of varus leg alignment in young athletes, such as training load modification or proximal tibial morphology monitoring.

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Genu varum and football participation: Does football participation affect lower extremity alignment in adolescents?

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Rebound phenomenon and its risk factors after hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate in children with coronal angular deformity

Rebound phenomenon and its risk factors after hemiepiphysiodesis using tension band plate in children with coronal angular deformity

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Young Adult Women With Low to Moderate Physical Activity Levels

Coronal‐plane leg alignment in adolescence and the effects of activity: A full leg length MRI study

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