Geo-Accumulation Indices of Heavy Metals in Soil and Groundwater of Kanpur, India Under Long Term Irrigation of Tannery Effluent

Dotaniya, M. L.; Meena, V. D.; Rajendiran, S.; Coumar, M. Vassanda; Saha, J. K.; Kundu, S.; Patra, A. K.

doi:10.1007/s00128-016-1983-4

Cited by 69 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Therefore, with the increasing pollution, the molar index increases. The results of Dotaniya et al (2017) showed that the molar index for Cd had the highest value, which indicated the contamination of soils of Kanpur areas in India by this element. According to Sekabira et al (2010) studies, the amount of Pb in I geo had high levels, which indicated the high level of Pb in the soils along the Kibira Road, which is consistent with this study.…”

Section: Muller Indexmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in Roadside Soils

Negahban

Mokarram

2021

Earth and Space Science

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The present study seeks to both estimate and analyze the rate of heavy metal changes in soils of road margins affected by the traffic on Fasa-Darab road, Iran. Muller index, contamination factor (CF), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and pollution load index (PLI) were calculated to determine the contamination rate. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also employed to determine the most relevant parameters affecting the PERI. The maximum amount of heavy metal contamination (2.5 mg/kg) occurred at the nearest road distance, i.e. 2 meters. The results of the Igeo index show that these elements are naturally present in the soil, albeit anthropogenic activity caused an increase in the concentration of these metals in soil. Results of the CF index showed that Ni, Cu, and Zn values were less than 1, indicative of low contamination, whereas, Pb contamination, with values ranging from 3-6 was indicative of high pollution. The PLI results for the most polluted stations showed that stations 14 and 23 were classified as very high contamination and other stations as uncontaminated. The results of clustering data showed the data was in two pollution classes. As maintained by the findings, the first component contributed to 44.98% of the changes and included the Cd, CFCd, RI, Igeo(Cd) parameters, while the second component represented 27.83% of the changes, containing parameters Pb, Igeo(Pb), CFPb. Therefore, Pb and Cd are the most relevant parameters in the analysis of PERI within the study area.

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Section: Muller Indexmentioning

confidence: 97%

Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in Roadside Soils

Negahban

Mokarram

2021

Earth and Space Science

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“…Geo-accumulation index (

) was widely used for the heavy metal pollution assessment in soils or sediments [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The geo-accumulation index was calculated using the following equation [ 26 ]:

where C n is the concentration of heavy metal in the soil or sediment; 1.5 is the modified index; BE n is the background value of the heavy metal in the soil or sediment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution and Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Sediment around the HTM Tailings Pond, Northeastern China

Zhang

Long

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Tailings ponds are a main heavy metal pollution source in mining areas. In this study, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI) are used to evaluate the environmental impact of Hongtou Mountain (HTM) tailings pond on the surrounding area. Farmland soil, surface water, and sediment samples in the Hun River around the HTM tailings pond were collected. Heavy metal contents in the samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results show that Cu, Zn, and Cd content in the farmland soil and sediment around the lower reaches of the Hun River (HTM tailings pond section) are obviously higher than the upper reaches. The Igeo values show that the farmland soil near the outlet of the tailings pond is the most polluted area. Cu was classified as moderate–strongly pollution, Zn was moderately pollution, and Cd was strongly pollution. Cd is the major pollutant in farmland soil, the monomial ecological risk (Eri) for Cd is a very high potential ecological risk. The potential ecological risk of sediment in the dry season is more serious than in the raining season. In the dry season, the Igeo index shows strong pollution for Cu and Cd at the confluence of the Hun River and the tributary from the HTM tailings pond, and a moderate–strongly pollution for Zn. Whereas, the Eri index shows that the monomial ecological risk for Zn at H3 is low, and Cu is moderate. The potential ecological risk at H3 is high, and Cd is the main source of the ecological risk around the HTM tailings pond.

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“…Despite wastewater treatment, the effluent discharged into drainage system by these industrial units contains excessive amount of dissolved salts, thus having high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solid (TSS), total suspended solid (TDS), heavy metals and many other toxic substances (Dixit et al 2015). The wastewater if used for irrigation poses potential hazard to animals, crops and human health (Dotaniya et al 2017). The effluents containing heavy metals like Cr, Zn, As, Cd and Pb are phytotoxic and can easily be translocated through vascular tissues (Tripathi et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannery Effluent Induced Morpho-Biochemical Expressions and Chromium Accumulation in Jatropha curcas L. and Pongamia pinnata L.

Abid¹,

Mahmood²,

Ghaffar³

et al. 2019

JSM

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The use of effluent from various industries by agriculture sector in developing countries may help to mitigate water scarcity and cost of fertilizers but pose considerable threats to entire ecosystem when heavy metals enter the food chain. The aim of the present study was to compare the growth and development of two biofuel tree species Jatropha curcas L. and Pongamia pinnata L. when exposed to 20 and 40 mL L −1 of effluent discharged from a local tannery along with tap water as a control. The physico-chemical attributes assessed for quality of effluent showed higher values and significantly higher chromium (Cr) concentration than other metals. Application of effluent induced profound formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in P. pinnata. With regard to growth and pigments of plant species, a significant reduction (p≤0.05) in root length, dry shoot biomass, leaf area, chlorophylls and carotenoids occurred in P. pinnata but shoot length, collar diameter and root dry biomass remained unaffected. Similarly, J. curcas sustained root and shoot growth, dry biomass production, collar diameter and leaf area. Increased pigment contents were found at both effluent levels. The roots of P. pinnata accumulated 6 and 11 times more Cr at 20 and 40 mL L −1 , respectively, than control. While in J. curcas Cr accumulation was up to 9 folds in shoots at 40 mL L −1. Thus, the two species exhibited differential potential for Cr accumulation in their above and below ground tissues. The study signified the use of contaminated water for irrigation and potential of the species to act as phytoremediator to alleviate both water scarcity and metal contamination.

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Geo-Accumulation Indices of Heavy Metals in Soil and Groundwater of Kanpur, India Under Long Term Irrigation of Tannery Effluent

Cited by 69 publications

References 20 publications

Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in Roadside Soils

Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in Roadside Soils

Pollution and Ecological Risk Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Sediment around the HTM Tailings Pond, Northeastern China

Tannery Effluent Induced Morpho-Biochemical Expressions and Chromium Accumulation in Jatropha curcas L. and Pongamia pinnata L.

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