Geo-Bio Chemistry of Wetlands in Laterite Mines, the Chilika Catchment, Odisha: Gis Study and Xrfspectroscopy Appraisal.

Abstract

Int. J. Adv. Res. 7(3), 967-985 968 iron colour, due to high Fe 2 O 3 content and less clay.The laterite rocks is porous in mines are capping hill tops and adjacent plateau. The ferruginous rock covered by morrum (Soil form) extends underneath up to 12 to 15m by prolonged weathering covered by carboneous frustum and vegetation as overburden. The Laterites areas lies on the exposed surface of land and undergoes continuous deformation due to environmental changes. Laterites in Odisha cover 7000Km 2 of surface area which constitutes 4.5% of the total area of the state. As laterite rocks are good construction materials in those areas most of the areas are quarried and ditches are formed in quarry areas. The Water bodies are formed within these mines covering 20-30% of the quarry area and it is observed that the wet bodies are deprived of flora, fauna and especially aqua habitats. Economically the water bodies have least uses for the human uses and ecosystem. The water quality, physic chemical parameters are of concern in the ferruginous laterite zone. The natural building material are preferred in world as well graded admixture of both cohesive (clay and silt) and the cohesion less (gravel, chips and sand) and strong due to iron richness. Crops like cotton, rice, wheat, pulses, tea, coffee, rubber, coconut and cashews are cultivated in humus laterite soils though it is less yielding.Latosol stretches are found in Guatemala, Central Europe, Colombia, India, Burma, Precambrian shields of Brazil and Australia. The soil is acidic, low water retentivety and has less nitrogen and lime. They occur in parts of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Jharkhand. Laterite soils in India:-The Laterite alternately called ferric rete is a left over ferruginous rock seen in tropics and subtropics has the mineralogical and chemical configuration of latosol/laterite governed by on their base rock manly bauxite. Laterite soil and red soils are not identical. The barren lands with red soils are formed by leaching process in tropical heavy rainfall areas. These soils are crystalline and red in colour due to little clay and more concentrations of iron, aluminum, manganese and nickel which is found in the hills of Deccan plateau, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Assam and Meghalaya in India (Fig 1). But the less fertile, poorly crystalline laterite soils (morrum) are formed by weathering action of igneous and metamorphic rocks but dipper the extent richer the soil and more the fertility. The red colour of the soil is due to less clay content and higher gravel of red sand-stones https://brainly .in/ question / 1182741. Review of Literature:-Nomenclature, classification, morphological and analytical characteristics, global distribution, processes of horizon development, environmental conditions of laterites are analyzed by Alexander et. al., (1962) [2] , Maignien R., 1966 Fig 1: laterite locations map in India (Source: GSI map)

Review of Episodic Voyage of Engineering Surveying and Cartography in India

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