Geo-Electrical Data Analysis to Demarcate Groundwater Pocket Zones In Kaltungo And Environes, Northeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Investigation have been made for groundwater exploration using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data acquired from 6 (six) locations distributed in Kaltungo and Environs with a maximum electrode spread of AB/2 = 100m. This is an attempt to obtain useful information on the aquifer distribution within the area and hence delineate possible areas for groundwater development. Based on Iso-resistivity maps, geo-electric section, Longitudinal Unit conductance parameters for aquifer characteristics shows the southeastern part of the study area as favorable area for Groundwater exploration. The groundwater potential zone has been identified based on geo-electrical, iso-resistivity and Longitudinal Unit Conductance. Based on these studies the average resistivities of all the layers are ρ 1

Application of Vertical Electrical Sounding in Mapping Lateral and Vertical Changes in the Subsurface Lithologies: A Case Study of Olbanita, Menengai Area, Nakuru, Kenya

“…The arrangement of the profiles in the field appears in the order 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 8, 9, 10 and 11 (Figure 3), and thus in the presentations, and further analysis, an order of 1(7), 2(6), 3(5), 4(4), 5(3), 6(2), 7(1), 8, 9, 10, 11 has been adopted (see Table 1 and Figures 4(I)-(XI)). Profile-wise, in profile 1 (7) the analysis is given as eight combined type H-K curves starting from the west (VES 1 -7, 10) of the profile and eleven type K curves at VES points 8, 9, 11 -19 in the eastern section. Profile 2(6) in the west-east direction has five type K curves (VES 1, 2, 4 -6), three type A curves (VES 3, 7, 8), one type Q curve (VES 9), one combined type K-H-K (VES 10), with seven combined type H-K curves (11 -14, 16 -18), one type H (VES 15) and one combined type H-A (VES 19).…”

“…The profiles eight to eleven shows uniformity in the west to east direction, with all having type K curves. Surfer 2D plots (Figures 4(I)-(XI)) were generated from VES data, where the profiles are numbered north-south with each having nineteen (19) VES points except profiles 1 (7) Further extracts have been made on the curve types to try and show the differences existing between the shapes of same curve types given in Profile 4(4) as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, which shows transition in the west-east direction at VES 8 and VES 9 along the profile. Further correlation is made in appendix Figure A2 and Figure A3.…”

“…There is noted shift of the subsurface formations at least from the curve types (Table 1) where profiles 1 (7), 2(6), 3(5), 6(2) and 7(1) have their curves in the VES points for one to about eight, nine or ten being different from those from nine, ten or eleven up to nineteen. Profile 1 (7) The analysis of Profile 2 (6) shows a change transiting from VES 7 -10 from curves K to HK through A, Q and KHK curves (Table 1) and this is a distance of about 300 meters shift from 600 to 900 meters along the line in the west-east direction. This is from 3-Layer through a 5-Layer to 4-Layer curve.…”

“…The resistivity differences basis in VES has been used successfully in delineating the subsurface stratigraphy [7], to the extent of establishing sequences of horizontal or slightly inclined layers with clearly defined thickness and true resistivities [4]. Though, [6] notes that translating the resistivity results into geological senseentails being equipped with knowledge of the characteristic resistiv- ity values for the different types of subsurface geological materials which can be modelled to the surveyed area.…”