Geochemical and isotopic evidence on the recharge and circulation of geothermal water in the Tangshan Geothermal System near Nanjing, China: implications for sustainable development

Lu, Lianghua; Pang, Zhonghe; Kong, Yanlong; Guo, Qi; Wang, Yingchun; Xu, Chenghua; Gu, Wen Juan; Zhou, Lingling; Yu, Dandan

doi:10.1007/s10040-018-1721-6

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…where H is the GW recharge elevation (m), δ 18 O GTW is the isotopic composition of the sample collected at the GW sampling site, δ 18 O r is the isotopic composition of the sample of precipitation at the reference site, gradδ 18 O is the average gradient in the low-latitude southern region of China (−0.3‰/100 m) [14], and H r is the ground elevation at the GW reference site (i.e., the Nanjing Observation Station of the GNIP) (26 m). The mixing relationship between the GTW and the cold GW in the study area was examined using a binary mixing model based on Sr and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr, as shown below [15][16][17][18] The age of the GTW in Tangquan was determined by 14 C using the following equation [19]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test data for the D and 18 O isotopes were plotted to show the δD-δ 18 O relationship (Figure 5). The local meteoric water line (LMWL) was produced by linear regression of the isotope data for monthly precipitation (Lu et al 2018) provided by the Nanjing Observation Station of the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP). As demonstrated in Figure 5, the δD (‰) and δ 18 O (‰) values for both the GTW and the cold GW fall near the global meteoric water line and the LMWL for Nanjing.…”

Section: Estimation Of the Geothermal Reservoir Temperature (Tr) And Depth (Z)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recharge Sources and Genetic Model of Geothermal Water in Tangquan, Nanjing, China

Yu²,

Luo

2021

Sustainability

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This paper introduces a method to study the origin of geothermal water by analysis of hydrochemistry and isotopes. In addition, the genetic mechanism of geothermal water (GTW) is revealed. The study of the origin of geothermal water is useful for the sustainability of geothermal use. As an example, Tangquan is abundant in GTW resources. Elucidating the recharge sources and formation mechanism of the GTW in this area is vitally important for its scientific development. In this study, the GTW in Tangquan was systematically investigated using hydrochemical and isotopic geochemical analysis methods. The results show the following. The GTW and shallow cold water in the study area differ significantly in their hydrochemical compositions. The geothermal reservoir has a temperature ranging from 63 to 75 °C. The GTW circulates at depths of 1.8–2.3 km. The GTW is recharged by the infiltration of meteoric water at elevations of 321–539 m and has a circulation period of approximately 2046–6474 years. The GTW becomes mixed with the shallow cold karst water at a ratio of approximately 4–26% (cold water) during the upwelling process. In terms of the cause of its formation, the geothermal system in the study area is, according to analysis, of the low-medium-temperature convective type. This geothermal system is predominantly recharged by precipitation that falls in the outcropping carbonate area within the Laoshan complex anticline and is heated by the terrestrial heat flow in the area. The geothermal reservoir is composed primarily of Upper Sinian dolomite formations, and its caprock is made up of Cambrian, Cretaceous, and Quaternary formations. Through deep circulation, the GTW migrates upward along channels formed from the convergence of northeast–east- and north–west-trending faults and is mixed with the shallow cold water, leading to geothermal anomalies in the area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of the Geothermal Reservoir Temperature (Tr) And Depth (Z)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recharge Sources and Genetic Model of Geothermal Water in Tangquan, Nanjing, China

Yu²,

Luo

2021

Sustainability

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“…The relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in groundwater can be used to infer its origin [34,46]. The relationship between δ 18 O and δD in the study area is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Source Of Geothermal Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genesis Mechanism and Health Risk Assessment of High Boron Water in the Zhaxikang Geothermal Area, South Tibet

Wang

et al. 2022

Water

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The natural discharge of geothermal water containing harmful components affects the water quality of the surrounding environment and brings security risks to drinking water safety. The geothermal water in Tibet is characterized by high boron content, but the water pollution caused by the discharge of this high boron geothermal water is not clear. In this study, we collected geothermal water and surface water from the Zhaxikang geothermal system in southern Tibet to investigate the causes of high boron geothermal water and the water pollution of water quality by its discharge. The results indicate that the hydrochemical type of geothermal water was HCO3-Cl-Na, while that of cold spring water, mine water, river water, and lake water was SO4-HCO3-Ca-Mg. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes show that the recharge source of cold groundwater was mainly snow-melting water and meteoric water, while in addition to that, there is magmatic water for hot springs. The boron content of geothermal water in the study area is as high as 42.36 mg/L, far exceeding the World Health Organization limit for drinking water (0.5 mg/L). The analysis of ion components and PHREEQC modeling indicated that the dissolution of silicate minerals and cation exchange controlled the composition of groundwater, and the boron in groundwater mainly came from the volatilization of magmatic components and the leaching of shallow sediments. The entropy weight water quality index was used to evaluate the water quality of the study area; about 42.9% of the groundwater samples are of good quality and can be used for drinking, mainly cold water that has not been mixed with geothermal water in the upstream. With the discharge of geothermal water into the river (with a mix ratio of ~20%), the downstream water quality gradually deteriorated. The health risk assessment of drinking water in the study area showed that the hazard index (HI) of drinking water in the mixed area was higher than 1 (with an average of 1.594 for children and 1.366 for adults), indicating that children are at a higher health risk than adults. Geothermal water with high boron content has been found all over the world, and the adverse effects of its natural drainage cannot be ignored.

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“…Meanwhile, the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of fluids vary in the case of fluid mixing with different 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios and water-rock reactions. Owing to these characteristics, the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios are frequently used as a tracer to determine the recharge sources and mixing process of hydrothermal systems [19][20][21]. The chemical geothermometers are often used to estimate the temperature of the geothermal reservoir, including a silica geothermometer and cation geothermometer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Analyses of Deep Geothermal Fluids in the Wumishan Formation in Xiong’an New Area, China

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2022

Lithosphere

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Medium-low temperature geothermal resources in the Wumishan Formation, which is the geothermal reservoir, are local enrichment resources in Xiong’an New Area, North China. In this study, 35 water samples were collected from the bedrock of Taihang Mountains and Wumishan Formation in Xiong’an New Area and display the chemical compositions of water samples as well as the stable isotope compositions for hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and strontium. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and isotope compositions of water samples are analyzed to understand the origin and circulation processes of these geothermal fluids. Our results of cold groundwaters in the bedrock of Taihang Mountain indicate a more open oxidation environment, and the HCO3-Ca·Mg-type groundwater also indicates a prevailing carbonate dissolution condition. The deep geothermal fluids in the Wumishan Formation beneath Xiong’an New Area indicate a closed reduction condition, and their hydrochemical types are mainly Cl·HCO3-Na type. The diagram of hydrogen vs. oxygen isotope indicates that the recharge for the deep geothermal fluids in the Wumishan Formation of Xiong’an New Area is mainly from atmospheric precipitation. The high δ13C values (-3.4‰−-4.9‰) are notably controlled by the eluviation of the carbonate rock layers. The δ34S values vary from 18.02‰ to 27.01‰; the relatively high values indicate the eluviation of sedimentary rock layers. The high 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70806−0.71270) and the high Sr2+ concentrations (0.69−2.92 mg/L) suggest that the Sr in the deep geothermal fluids originates from the eluviation of both silicates and carbonates. According to the multimineral equilibrium diagram, chalcedony is saturated at the measured temperature of geothermal wells; therefore, we chose chalcedony as a geothermal thermometer for the calculation of the reservoir temperature of the Wumishan Formation, and the results vary from 68.63 to 89.10°C. Our study identifies the geothermal type of the deep medium-low temperature hydrothermal systems and also recognizes their water-rock interaction processes. We get a comprehensive understanding that the geothermal resources in the Wumishan Formation beneath Xiong’an New Area is convection-conduction type, for which potential of geothermal development and utilization is enormous.

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Geochemical and isotopic evidence on the recharge and circulation of geothermal water in the Tangshan Geothermal System near Nanjing, China: implications for sustainable development

Cited by 35 publications

References 52 publications

Recharge Sources and Genetic Model of Geothermal Water in Tangquan, Nanjing, China

Recharge Sources and Genetic Model of Geothermal Water in Tangquan, Nanjing, China

The Genesis Mechanism and Health Risk Assessment of High Boron Water in the Zhaxikang Geothermal Area, South Tibet

Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Analyses of Deep Geothermal Fluids in the Wumishan Formation in Xiong’an New Area, China

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