Geochemical and Mineralogical Studies of Kaolinitic Clays in Parts of Ilorin, Southwestern Basement Rock Area, Nigeria

Mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of kaolin deposit from Debre Tabor area northwestern, Ethiopia

“…The Al 2 O 3 has a positive correlation with LOI and a strong negative correlation with the sum of alkali elements (Na 2 O and K 2 O) (Figure 6). The enrichment of Al 2 O 3 and the reduction of the alkaline oxides indicate the difference in the quality of kaolin deposit (Nyakairu et al 2001; Olusola et al 2014). The relatively higher SiO 2 and lower Al 2 O 3 in kaolin indicated that the deposit has higher quartz and lower kaolinite minerals.…”

“…The chondrite normalised REE pattern of the Debre Tabor kaolin deposit (Figure 8(a)) shows the distribution of REEs during the mineralogical reaction. Weathering of the parent rock minerals causes mobilisation of elements and fractionation of LREEs and HREEs (Karadağ et al 2009; Meshram and Randive 2011; Olusola et al 2014; Sadaf et al 2015). The kaolin and parent rock samples show a slightly negative Eu anomaly and this can be traced to the presence of feldspar in all the samples (Da Costa and Moraes 1998).…”

“…Therefore, Debre Tabor kaolin deposit requires such a type of treatment to decrease the high concentration impurity to the standard value (Table 6). Kaolin used for pigments and additives requires simple specification ranging from pure kaolin to kaolin up to 90% quartz (Pruett and Pickering 2006; Olusola et al 2014; Ariana et al 2016). Accordingly, all the Debre Tabor kaolin can be used for additives and pigments (Table 6).…”

“…The multi-elemental spider diagram represents the distribution of trace elements in the kaolin deposit and shows negative Sr, Ba, and Ti (Figure 8(b)). The negative Sr anomaly is related to the dissolution of calcium-rich primary mineral; Ba is a mobile element, (Karadağ et al 2009;Meshram and Randive 2011;Olusola et al 2014;Sadaf et al 2015). The kaolin and parent rock samples show a slightly negative Eu anomaly and this can be traced to the presence of feldspar in all the samples (Da Costa and Moraes 1998).…”

Genesis and possible applications of Lwamondo and Zebediela Kaolins, Limpopo Province, South Africa

“…Chemical index of alteration (CIA) values for Lwamondo Kaolin ranged from 68.57 to 96.19 with an average of 86.70, suggesting moderate to extreme silicate weathering of the parent rocks. However, the CIA values for Zebediela Kaolin were above 80 with an average of 95.83, suggesting extreme silicate weathering of their parent rocks [42]. Values of the chemical index of weathering (CIW) were above 70 in Lwamondo Kaolin and above 99 in Zebediela Kaolin (Figure 8).…”