Changes in the physical properties of the supercritical CO 2 (scCO 2 ) reservoir rock is one of the most important factors in controlling the storage safety at a scCO 2 sequestration site. According to recent studies, it is probable that geochemical reactions influence changes in the rock properties after a CO 2 injection in the subsurface, but quantitative data that reveal the interrelationship of the factors involved and the parameters needed to evaluate the extent of scCO 2 -rock-groundwater reactions have not yet been presented. In this study, the potential for employing the surface roughness value (SR RMS ) to quantify the extent of the scCO 2 involved reaction was evaluated by lab-scale experiments. For a total of 150 days of a simulation of the scCO 2 -sandstone-groundwater reaction at 100 bar and 50 • C, the trends in changes in the physical rock properties, pH change, and cation concentration change followed similar logarithmic patterns that were significantly correlated with the logarithmic increase in the SR RMS value. These findings suggest that changes in surface roughness can quantify the extent of the geochemical weathering process and can be used to evaluate leakage safety due to the progressive changes in rock properties at scCO 2 storage sites.