Geochemical characterisation of Taal volcano-hydrothermal system and temporal evolution during continued phases of unrest (1991–2017)

Maussen, Katharine; Villacorte, Edgardo; Rebadulla, Ryan R.; Maximo, Raymond Patrick R.; Debaille, Vinciane; Bornas, Ma. Antonia; Bernard, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.01.007

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Magmatic intrusions are frequently invoked to explain these unrests. All of these periods of unrest died out after a few months of enhanced activity and were never followed by an eruption (Arpa et al., 2013; Maeda et al., 2013; Maussen et al., 2018; Zlotnicki et al., 2018).…”

Section: Taal Volcano Historical Eruptive Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering an average CO 2 flux of 1,300 t day −1 , the residence time of CO 2 in the lake is 6 days (range from 5 to 8 days). On the other hand, other chemical solutes like sulfates and chlorides are largely conservative species in the lake waters and their concentrations are constant for very long period (years) (Maussen et al., 2018).…”

Section: Quantification Of Carbon Dioxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of unrest died out after a few months of enhanced activity and were never followed by an eruption (Arpa et al, 2013;Maeda et al, 2013;Maussen et al, 2018;Zlotnicki et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Bernard

Villacorte²,

Maussen

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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We report here an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in Taal lake during the year preceding the January 2020 eruption. Starting in February 2019, the CO2 emissions from the lake increased from background value (700 t day−1) to a flux close to 2,400 t day−1 at the time of the eruption. We show that the lake acts as a highly sensitive gasometer where CO2 (aq) reflects the balance between CO2 supplied to the lake (by hot springs) and CO2 lost by diffusion at air‐water interface. The lake waters are extremely enriched in dissolved carbon dioxide with pCO2 values as high as 0.35 atm (350,000 ppmV) equivalent to a CO2 (aq) of 9.32 mmol l−1. The residence time of CO2 in the lake is around 1 week which allows for fast detection of change in magma degassing and makes carbon dioxide a very promising tool for volcano monitoring.

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Section: Taal Volcano Historical Eruptive Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantification Of Carbon Dioxide Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Bernard

Villacorte²,

Maussen

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…During the last 40 years, no eruptive activity was recorded; given the past eruption history, an unusual quiescence period was realized by the scientists. Seismological [54,55], geochemical [56], electromagnetic [55,57], thermal [52,58], and InSAR crustal deformation measurement [59] techniques were used to monitor activities of the Taal volcano. Efforts were made to map the 3-D structure and monitor the volcanic activities and observations of geophysical parameters (magnetic, electric, tilt, resistivity, ground and water temperature).…”

Section: Volcano Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Atmospheric, Meteorological, and Ocean Parameters Associated with the 12 January 2020 Taal Volcanic Eruption

et al. 2020

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The Taal volcano erupted on 12 January 2020, the first time since 1977. About 35 mild earthquakes (magnitude greater than 4.0) were observed on 12 January 2020 induced from the eruption. In the present paper, we analyzed optical properties of volcanic aerosols, volcanic gas emission, ocean parameters using multi-satellite sensors, namely, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) and ground observations, namely, Argo, and AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) data. Our detailed analysis shows pronounced changes in all the parameters, which mainly occurred in the western and south-western regions because the airmass of the Taal volcano spreads westward according to the analysis of airmass trajectories and wind directions. The presence of finer particles has been observed by analyzing aerosol properties that can be attributed to the volcanic plume after the eruption. We have also observed an enhancement in SO2, CO, and water vapor, and a decrease in Ozone after a few days of the eruption. The unusual variations in salinity, sea temperature, and surface latent heat flux have been observed as a result of the ash from the Taal volcano in the south-west and south-east over the ocean. Our results demonstrate that the observations combining satellite with ground data could provide important information about the changes in the atmosphere, meteorology, and ocean parameters associated with the Taal volcanic eruption.

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“…meteoric water), magmatic fluids and interactions with the edifice and crustal country rock. Despite this complex interplay between sources modulated by feedbacks such as fluid pH and temperature changes in thermal spring chemistry and the resulting streams or rivers can be useful indicators of variations within the system [105,106]. In submarine systems, magmatic intrusions have been shown to change the He, CO 2 , H 2 and CH 4 , and the 3 He/heat ratio from hydrothermal fluid samples for months before returning to background levels over longer time periods [107].…”

Section: (E) Gas Flux and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoughts on the criteria to determine the origin of volcanic unrest as magmatic or non-magmatic

Pritchard

Mather

McNutt

et al. 2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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As our ability to detect volcanic unrest improves, we are increasingly confronted with the question of whether the unrest has a magmatic origin (magma on the move) or a non-magmatic origin from a change in the hydrothermal system (fluids that are not magma on the move) or tectonic processes. The cause of unrest has critical implications for the potential eruptive hazard (e.g. used in constructing Bayesian Event Trees), but is frequently the subject of debate, even at well-studied systems. Here, we propose a set of multi-disciplinary observations and numerical models that could be used to evaluate conceptual models about the cause of unrest. These include measurements of gas fluxes and compositions and the isotopic signature of some components (e.g. H 2 , He, C, SO 2 , H 2 O , CH 4 and CO 2 ), the spatial and temporal characteristics of ground deformation, thermal output, seismicity, changes in gravity, and whether there is topographic uplift or subsidence spanning hundreds to thousands of years. In several volcanic systems, both magmatic and non-magmatic unrest is occurring at the same time. While none of these observations or models is diagnostic on its own, we illustrate several examples where they have been used together to make a plausible conceptual model of one or more episodes of unrest and whether eruptions did or did not follow the unrest. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Magma reservoir architecture and dynamics’.

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Geochemical characterisation of Taal volcano-hydrothermal system and temporal evolution during continued phases of unrest (1991–2017)

Cited by 16 publications

References 74 publications

Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Carbon Dioxide in Taal Volcanic Lake: A Simple Gasometer for Volcano Monitoring

Changes in Atmospheric, Meteorological, and Ocean Parameters Associated with the 12 January 2020 Taal Volcanic Eruption

Thoughts on the criteria to determine the origin of volcanic unrest as magmatic or non-magmatic

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