Geochemical characteristics and genesis of ferromanganese nodules and crusts from the Central Rift Seamounts Group of the West Philippine Sea

Zhou, Jiao; Cai, Pengjie; Yang, Chen; Liu, Songfeng; Luo, Weidong; Nie, Xin

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104923

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…The Fe-Mn crusts are formed globally due to precipitation of these Fe-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides on the surface of seamounts, ridges, and plateaus at a water depth of 400-7000 m [1,3,4]. These nanosized Fe-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides in the Fe-Mn crusts are commonly precipitated from seawater and are clarified into three major types of origin: hydrogenetic, diagenetic, and hydrothermal [5][6][7]. During Fe-Mn crust precipitation, the Mn oxides commonly take negative charges whereas the Fe (oxyhydr)oxides possess positive charges, giving rise to the accumulation of various charged metals (e.g., cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY)) from the ambient seawater [3,[8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Phosphatization in REY Geochemistry in Ferromanganese Crusts in Line Islands, Central Pacific

et al. 2023

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Ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts are potential marine deposits for many high-tech metals and are exciting proxies for recording the oceanic paleoenvironment. During their growth, phosphatization generally occurs, causing the remobilization and reorganization of the elements and minerals in Fe-Mn crusts. Rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY), well-known critical metals for many new and emerging technologies, as well as valuable geological proxies, are the important critical metals in Fe-Mn crusts. The REY occurrence is closely influenced by the phosphatization processes, which still remain discursive. In this study, the textures, structures, and REY geochemistry of the growth of an Fe-Mn crust sample (MP2D32A) from the Line Islands archipelago were analyzed using multiple microanalysis methods. The analyzed Fe-Mn crust is mainly characterized by the presence of laminated and concentric colloforms. Massive fine particles and some veins of carbonate-rich fluorapatite (CFA) were observed in the old part of MP2D32A, demonstrating that this sample underwent phosphatization. The phosphatized and non-phosphatized layers, as well as the CFA veins, display distinctly different PAAS-normalized REY patterns. Higher REY contents in the phosphatized layer than those in the non-phosphatized layer suggest the positive role of phosphatization in REY enrichment. Moreover, the phosphatized layer contains higher REY contents than the CFA, implying that the REY enrichment in the phosphatized layer is not only influenced by CFA and Fe-Mn (oxyhydr)oxides but also other factors, such as the probable PO43− complexation induced by Fe oxyhydroxides. The synergistical sorption of REY(III) and HPO42− ions on Fe oxyhydroxides should facilitate REY enrichment during the phosphatization processes. These fundamental results provide novel insights into the influence of phosphatization in REY geochemical behaviors in the Fe-Mn crust.

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