Geochemical characterization of surface water and spring water in SE Kashmir Valley, western Himalaya: Implications to water–rock interaction

Jeelani, Ghulam; Bhat, Nisar Ahmad; Shivanna, K.; Bhat, Mohmad Yaqub

doi:10.1007/s12040-011-0107-0

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The karst spring waters are saturated with respect to calcite and dolomite in the winter with more water–rock interaction (Jeelani, et al . ), also supports the interaction of groundwater with the host carbonate rock. In other seasons, the rock–water interaction is less, and the flow in the spring is very high, thereby diluting the effect of water–rock interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation ofδ¹⁸O,δD and³H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)

et al. 2014

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Water samples were collected from cold and warm karst springs for stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) and 3H from SE of Kashmir valley (western Himalayas) to distinguish the sources of recharge and infer their recharge areas. The spring water samples were most depleted in heavier isotopes in May (average δ18O: −8.87‰ and δD: −50.3‰) and enriched in September (average δ18O: −7.58‰ and δD: −48.1‰). The depleted 18O and 2H of spring waters bear the signatures of winter precipitation while as the enriched 18O and 2H of spring waters bear the signature of summer rainfall. D‐excess and 3H corroborate with the stable isotope results that the spring flow in spring season (May) and autumn (September) is dominantly controlled by the melting of winter snowmelt and summer rainfall, respectively. The results showed that unlike δD, the δ18O value in the karst spring waters decreases in January suggesting δ18O shift. The spring water samples also fall above the Local Meteoric Water Line and Global Meteoric Water Line indicating the δ18O shift due to interaction of groundwater with the host carbonate rocks during its traverse. The mean elevation of the recharge areas of the springs using δ18O and δD tracers was also estimated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation ofδ¹⁸O,δD and³H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)

et al. 2014

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“…In general, a significant correlation is suggested between the major water types and the lithology of the basin. The ground water of the area also shows similar behavior and presence of Ca, Mg, HCO 3 , and Na ions (Jeelani et al 2011;Wani and Khairkar 2011) that indicate the carbonate and silicate weathering and surface-groundwater interactions.…”

Section: Processes Controlling River Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 79%

“…A significant contribution may also be attributed to the discharge from several sulfur-bearing springs particularly around upstream of Jhelum river. For example, Sherbagh, Malaknag, Hemalnag, and Gajnag are the major sulfur-bearing springs present around south-eastern areas of the Jhelum basin (Jeelani et al 2011). Similarly, dolomite constitutes the main source of Mg 2+ and may also be released from Fe-Mg minerals of the basalts (e.g., Panjal Traps in the area).…”

Section: Water Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the lack of significant correlation between Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and HCO 3 − is due to de-dolomitization (Bischoff et al 1994;Jeelani et al 2011) in which calcite and dolomite are near to equilibrium and gypsum is under-saturated. Gypsum dissolution favors the release of Mg 2+ and subsequent precipitation of Ca 2+ through the following reaction: Decoupling of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ also owes to the enhanced dissolution of dolomites where Mg 2+ in solution behaves conservatively and Ca 2+ is regulated by fast calcite equilibrium.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatio-temporal patterns and factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of the river Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalaya

Mir

Jeelani

Dar

2016

Environ Monit Assess

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River Jhelum is a major source of water for growing population and irrigation in the Kashmir Himalaya. The region is trending towards water scarcity as well as quality deterioration stage due to its highly unregulated development. The existence of few literature on various aspects of the basin prompts us to study the spatio-temporal variability of its physicochemical parameters and thereby to understand the regulating hydrogeochemical mechanisms based on 50 samples collected during high flow (June 2008) and low flow (January 2009) periods. The water chemistry exhibited significant spatial variability reflecting the mixing processes in the basin. The seasonal effect does change the concentration of ions significantly with modest variability in the order of ionic abundance. The Ca(2+) ion among cations and HCO3 (-) ion among anions dominate the ionic budget and correlates significantly with the diverse lithology of the basin. Three major water types, i.e., Ca-Mg-HCO3 (72 %), Ca-HCO3 (12 %), and Mg-Ca-HCO3 (16 %), suggest that the chemical composition of water is dominantly controlled by carbonate lithology, besides a significant contribution from silicates. However, at certain sites, the biological processes and anthropogenic activities play a major role. Relatively, the lower ionic concentration during high flow period (summer season) suggested the significant influence of higher discharge via dilution effect. The higher discharge due to higher rainfall and snow melting in response to rising temperature in this period leads to strong flushing of human and agricultural wastes into the river. The factor analysis also reflected the dominant control of varied lithology and anthropogenic sources on the water quality based on the four significant factors explaining collectively about 70-81 % of the total data variance. A two-member chloride mixing model used to estimate the discharge contribution of tributaries to the main river channel showed reliable results. It may be mentioned that the regular and continuous contamination through anthropogenic sources is likely to jeopardize and degrade the water quality in the near future. Thus, critical management approaches and strategies are very imperative for its future sustainability.

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“…Log pCO 2 is a very significant parameter for carbonate rock dissolution in meteoric water (Jeelani et al 2011). Higher log pCO 2 values are observed in the upstream and midstream suggesting that additional CO 2 has been obtained from the sediments during water-rock interaction (i.e.…”

Section: Fig 4: Montage Of Two Photos Of Epiphreatic Cave Passage Atmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epiphreatic caves in Niah karst tower (NW Borneo): occurrence, morphology and hydrogeochemistry

Dodge-Wan

Prasanna

Nagarajan

et al. 2018

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IzvlečekUDK 551.444(595.43) D. Dodge-Wan, M.V. Prasanna, R. Nagarajan & A. Anandkumar: Jame epifreatične cone v kraškem stolpu Niah (severozahodni Borneo): pojavnost, morfologija in hidrogeokemija Epifratične jame nastajajo na meji med vadozno in freatično cono. Prepoznavanje epifreatičnih elementov v bloku dvignjenega masiva nam omogoča razbrati faze dvigovanja masiva oz. spuščanja erozijske baze, zato so epifreatične jame in procesi še posebno zanimivi. čeprav so o jamah stolpa Niah opravili številne študije, nobena od teh ne obravnava epifreatičnih jam ob vznožju kraškega stolpa. Ta študija obravnava epifreatične rove na ravni vodne gladine v stolpu Painted Cave v severozahodnem Borneu, kjer sicer poznamo več velikih jam. Delno potopljen rov je dolg več kot 480 m in preči stolp od vzhoda proti zahodu ter pri tem seka še več drugih, veliko večjih vadoznih jam. Epifreatični tok je povezan z več ponikalnicami in izviri, zanj so značilne nagle spremembe smeri, ki sledi vodilnim razpokam. Namen študije je povezati kemijo vode vzdolž toka in aktivne geomorfološke dejavnike. Vzorčenje in analize vode na desetih lokacijah so dali podatke o pH, električni prevodnosti, skupni raztopljeni snovi (TDS), raztopljenem kisiku, Eh ter o koncentraciji glavnih ionov, hranil in kovin v sledeh. Rezultati so pokazali, da sta raztapljanje matične kamnine in izpiranje organskih snovi prevladujoča dejavnika geokemije vode v kanalu. V sušnem obdobju je voda rahlo nenasičena na kalcit, a je agresivnost majhna, kar kaže na to, da glavna faza razvoja poteka v poplavnih obdobjih. To potrjujejo tudi morfologija rova in jamske skalne oblike v jami in ob vznožju kraškega stolpa. Ključne besede: kras, jama Niah, epifreatična cona, hidrogeokemija, vodna površina. Although the large and spectacular caves of Niah have been subject of much research and interest, the existence of small epiphreatic caves at the foot of the karst towers has not previously been documented in this region of NW Borneo. The study documents and reports an epiphreatic cave passage at water table elevation in the Painted Cave karst tower where several large caves are also known. The semi-flooded passage is over 480 m long and traverses the tower from east to west, intersecting other much larger vadose caves. The epiphreatic flow path is characterized by a number of sinking streams and resurgences as well as several sharp bends in the passage indicating joint control. As an initial attempt this study was undertaken to correlate the water chemistry along the cave path to understand the geomorphological controls. A preliminary campaign of water sampling was carried out with samples collected at ten locations along the path of the cave stream and analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, DO, Eh, major ions, nutrients and trace metals. The results show that dissolution of host rock and leaching of organic matter are the dominant controlling factors for the geochemistry of surface water along the cave stream passage. During dry conditions the water was under-saturated for carbonate minerals but...

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Geochemical characterization of surface water and spring water in SE Kashmir Valley, western Himalaya: Implications to water–rock interaction

Cited by 56 publications

References 42 publications

Variation ofδ¹⁸O,δD and³H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)

Variation ofδ¹⁸O,δD and³H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)

Spatio-temporal patterns and factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of the river Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalaya

Epiphreatic caves in Niah karst tower (NW Borneo): occurrence, morphology and hydrogeochemistry

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Geochemical characterization of surface water and spring water in SE Kashmir Valley, western Himalaya: Implications to water–rock interaction

Cited by 56 publications

References 42 publications

Variation ofδ18O,δD and3H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)

Variation ofδ18O,δD and3H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)

Spatio-temporal patterns and factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of the river Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalaya

Epiphreatic caves in Niah karst tower (NW Borneo): occurrence, morphology and hydrogeochemistry

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Variation ofδ¹⁸O,δD and³H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)

Variation ofδ¹⁸O,δD and³H in karst springs of south Kashmir, western Himalayas (India)