Geochemical Evidence of Metal-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in the Shenhu Area, the South China Sea

Xie, Rui; Wu, Daidai; Liu, Jie; Sun, Tao; Liu, Lihua; Wu, N.

doi:10.3390/ijerph16193559

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…As such, the combined study of authigenic carbonates and associated CWCs in seep environments is potentially useful to calibrate the geochemical signatures within authigenic carbonates to aid in reconstruction of past conditions (Figure 8). In addition, U-Th dating of authigenic carbonates is a powerful tool that can also contribute to our understanding of the geological factors and processes controlling seabed methane release [86][87][88][89][90][91]. However, accurate dating of authigenic carbonates is difficult owing to contamination by detrital terrestrial material [84].…”

Section: Cwc Trace-element Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Water Corals in Gas Hydrate Drilling Cores from the South China Sea: Occurrences, Geochemical Characteristics and Their Relationship to Methane Seepages

Deng

Fang

et al. 2019

Minerals

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Cold-water corals (CWCs) are frequently found at cold seep areas. However, the relationship between fluid seepage and CWC development is not clear. Here, for the first time, we report the occurrences, species identification, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotopes, as well as elemental compositions of fossil CWC skeletons from gas-hydrate-bearing sediment in drilling cores from the South China Sea (SCS). Three sites (GMGS-08, GMGS-09B, and GMGS-16) were investigated but CWCs were only found at one site (GMGS-09B). Interestingly, the CWCs were found in three horizons and they were all embedded with authigenic carbonates. Three genera of fossil CWCs (Crispatotrochus sp., Solenosmilia sp. and Enallopsammia sp.) were identified. The CWC fragments are predominantly aragonite. The CWCs exhibit δ13C values between −8.4‰ and −0.6‰ that are significantly higher than δ13C values of the associated seep carbonates (δ13C values with an average of −55.6‰, n = 19), which indicates a carbon source other than methane for the CWCs. It appears that authigenic carbonates provide a substratum for coral colonization. Bathymetric high points, appropriate water temperature and stronger bottom-water currents at site GMGS-09B might be crucial to keep conditions favorable for the growth of CWCs in the studied area. In addition, high trace-element concentrations of Cr, Ni, Pb, U, Ba, Th, and Sr suggest that the CWCs are influenced by strong fluid seepage that can reach the water-sediment interface, and associated microbial activity. Hence, it also becomes evident that CWCs in hydrocarbon-rich seepage areas not only provide a critical constraint on the impact of fluid emission on the bottom water chemistry, but also are likely to be very precise recorders of the end time of cold seep activity.

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Section: Cwc Trace-element Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Water Corals in Gas Hydrate Drilling Cores from the South China Sea: Occurrences, Geochemical Characteristics and Their Relationship to Methane Seepages

Deng

Fang

et al. 2019

Minerals

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“…As mentioned above, the∑REE/Ti increases abruptly at sites SH1 and SH3 at 25 mbsf and 17 mbsf, respectively (Figure 5). However, the sulfate and methane transition zone (SMTZ) is at 27-36 msbf of site SH1 and the SMTZ at 18-25 mbsf of site SH3 [15,16,24]. The results show that the ∑REE/Ti increased above the SMTZ.…”

Section: The Influence Of Aom On the Enrichment Of Rees Reementioning

confidence: 92%

“…At the same time, most of the metal oxides will convert to metal sulfide in the presence of excess hydrogen sulfide [2,3,70]. With the deepening of research, metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (MD-AOM) is found at the bottom of the SMTZ worldwide [15,24,38,71]. During the metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane 9 Geofluids (MD-AOM), more metal oxides are converted to metal sulfides compared to the SD-AOM.…”

Section: The Enrichment Mechanism Of Ree Influenced By Aommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anomalies of the content of pyrite can help identify the paleo-SMTZ. Previous researches have shown that metal oxides and hydroxides could be served as the electron acceptor during methane oxidation [15,[21][22][23][24]. In addition, seafloor observation at seeps revealed that chemical and physical parameters, such as fluid flux, temperature, thermal diffusivity, pH, and alkalinity, are also changed at the SMTZ [25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Enrichment Mechanism of REE at Sulfate and Methane Transition Zone (SMTZ) of the Northern Part of the South China Sea

Xie

Wei

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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Rare earth elements (REE) are important raw materials for electronic products and green-energy technology and deep-sea sediment as an important potential source of REE mineral. It is of great scientific significance to understand the influence of REE in deep-sea sediments. In this paper, thirty sediments samples and eleven sediments samples were collected at the site SH3 and SH1 of Shenhu area, respectively. The trace elements, major elements, and different Fe-Mn minerals were analyzed to investigate the role of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in the enrichment of rare earth elements in the marine sediments. The result showed that the content of ∑REE/Ti increased at the top of sulfate and methane transition zone (SMTZ) at site SH1 and SH3. Combined with the analysis of different forms of ferromanganese minerals and the REE patterns, it is inferred that there is little influence of terrigenous input to the REE content. In contrary, the REE-rich carbonate phase and REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase have important contribution of REE enrichment at the top of SMTZ. Meanwhile, the calculations of the quantitative relationship between the REE-rich carbonate phase and REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase also confirm this conclusion. And the AOM caused the decrease of the REE-rich Fe-Mn oxides (hydroxides) phase and increase of the REE-rich carbonate phase. This is the potential explanation of ∑REE/Ti enrichment at the top of SMTZ. This study is of great scientific significance for the study of REE enrichment mechanism in the methane seeps and provided a new sight of REE enrichment mechanism in deep-sea sediments.

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“…Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) reactions is another signature of hydrate distribution in marine sediment, as it especially active in the sediments where gas hydrate is underlying. 57 A one-dimensional (1D) numerical model applied to investigate the distribution of advective methane flux with the AOM process in GHBS of the Shenhu area, SCS, which also indirectly proves the distribution of methane hydrate in this area. 58 Geochemical analysis of sediments from the Shenhu area, SCS indicated the geochemical diagenetic response to the occurrence of AOM, and it suggests that strong AOM can be beneficial to methane accumulation for hydrate formation in GHSZ.…”

Section: Coring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances on Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development in the South China Sea

Jian-wu

2021

Energy Fuels

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Because of the urgency of energy transition for a net-zero society, the world’s gas demand is rapidly increasing. Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is regarded as the next alternate energy resource to meet the demand, thanks to its high energy density and enormous reserves. As two successful production trials and a series of relevant drilling expeditions were implemented in the northern slope of the South China Sea (SCS), it may now be the most promising district for NGH exploitation in the world. The objective of this work is to review the recent research advances on hydrate exploration status, reservoir geological features, hydrate-bearing sediment geophysical properties, and hydrate exploitation techniques related to the hydrate reservoirs in the SCS. Geological surveys, well logging and core sampling were performed and helped the analysis of hydrate occurrence, gas origin, and accumulation mechanism. It is inferred that both microgenic and thermogenic gas present in SCS hydrate reservoirs and the hydrate accumulation is primarily controlled by the structure of the gas chimney. The characteristics of high porosity, low permeability, weak diagenesis, weak strength, and complex hydrate dissociation behaviors of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments from the SCS determined that innovative exploitation approaches are required. Different well configurations and reservoir stimulation techniques were proposed to enhance the production efficiency and evaluated through simulation and laboratory experiments. As the NGH development process in the SCS progresses continuously, it attracts more and more research interests from academic and engineering communities. We are convinced that, with constant diligence and effort, China will achieve the goal of safe and efficient commercial exploitation in the near future.

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Geochemical Evidence of Metal-Driven Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane in the Shenhu Area, the South China Sea

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Cold-Water Corals in Gas Hydrate Drilling Cores from the South China Sea: Occurrences, Geochemical Characteristics and Their Relationship to Methane Seepages

Cold-Water Corals in Gas Hydrate Drilling Cores from the South China Sea: Occurrences, Geochemical Characteristics and Their Relationship to Methane Seepages

The Enrichment Mechanism of REE at Sulfate and Methane Transition Zone (SMTZ) of the Northern Part of the South China Sea

Recent Advances on Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development in the South China Sea

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