Geochemical fractionation during mass transfer from sea to air by breaking bubbles

MacIntyre, Ferren

doi:10.3402/tellusa.v22i4.10238

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The oscillating trend of enrichment as it function of aerosol size range (Fig. 5 ) wits also observed by MacIntyre (1970) for a phosphatesodium system, and by Seto & Diicc (1972) working with iodine and NaCI. This \voultl iridicate that enrichment is strongly dependcnt on bubble film thickness.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Several investigators, MacIntyre (1970), Wilkness & Bressan (1971, Judson (1953) and Bloch et al (1966Bloch et al ( , 1972 have shown that during the process by which aerosol droplets are injected into the atmosphere, an ion fractionation takes place such that certain ions are enriched relative to others while going from the bulk phase to the disperse phase. MacIntyre (1970) has observed that, in general, ions of higher ionic potential, or charge/mass ratio are enriched relative to those of lower potential. For example, sulfate is enriched with respect to chloride and potassium with respect to sodinm in going from the bulk to the disperse phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ion enrichment in aerosols dispersed from bursting bubbles in aqueous salt solutions

Glass

Matteson

1973

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is well known that a large part of the soluble salts found in soils, rivers, and lakes comes from rainwater. These salts are believed to originate as ocean spray carried into the atmosphere from the surface of the seas. Here, tiny bubbles come t o the surface and fracture, sending upward aerosols which contain these salts. Studies have been shown that the ratio of t,he ions present within these aerosols are considerably different from those found in the oceans. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the bubble-bursting process in an effort to determine what is influencing the change in ion ratio. This was done by simulating the bubble-bursting mechanism in very simple salt solutions of concentrations similar to those found in the ocean. Variables examined were concentration, ion character, particle size, and pH. It was found that definite trends in enrichments of one ion species with respect to another in the aerosol phase are related to the ratios of ions in the bulk solution. Also affecting enrichment is the pH of the bulk solution. Enrichments varied with aerosol droplet size in a periodic fashion, wit,h peaks around 1.0 and 6.0 pm. The results further point to the fact that the ionic double layer is a major factor in the enrichment process in that it influences the ionic equilibria in the thin film of a bubble.

show abstract

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion enrichment in aerosols dispersed from bursting bubbles in aqueous salt solutions

Glass

Matteson

1973

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…20 drops, but potentially many dozens, depending on bubble size, Syzdek, 1982, 1988;Resch and Afeti, 1992;Spiel, 1998). The film drops make up the majority of the submicron spray aerosol, and because they are drawn form the bubble film, they are enriched in surface-active organic matter (Macintyre, 1970;Blanchard, 1989). A bursting bubble also produces up to about seven jet drops (Spiel, 1994(Spiel, , 1997, the material for which is drawn primarily from the underlying bulk water; jet drops are therefore far less strongly enriched with the organics that coat the bubble surface.…”

Section: Conceptual Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A physically based framework for modeling the organic fractionation of sea spray aerosol from bubble film Langmuir equilibria

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The presence of a large fraction of organic matter in primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) can strongly affect its cloud condensation nuclei activity and interactions with marine clouds. Global climate models require new parameterizations of the SSA composition in order to improve the representation of these processes. Existing proposals for such a parameterization use remotely sensed chlorophyll a concentrations as a proxy for the biogenic contribution to the aerosol. However, both observations and theoretical considerations suggest that existing relationships with chlorophyll a, derived from observations at only a few locations, may not be representative for all ocean regions. We introduce a novel framework for parameterizing the fractionation of marine organic matter into SSA based on a competitive Langmuir adsorption equilibrium at bubble surfaces. Marine organic matter is partitioned into classes with differing molecular weights, surface excesses, and Langmuir adsorption parameters. The classes include a lipid-like mixture associated with labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a polysaccharide-like mixture associated primarily with semilabile DOC, a protein-like mixture with concentrations intermediate between lipids and polysaccharides, a processed mixture associated with recalcitrant surface DOC, and a deep abyssal humic-like mixture. Box model calculations have been performed for several cases of organic adsorption to illustrate the underlying concepts. We then apply the framework to output from a global marine biogeochemistry model, by partitioning total dissolved organic carbon into several classes of macromolecules. Each class is represented by model compounds with physical and chemical properties based on existing laboratory data. This allows us to globally map the predicted organic mass fraction of the nascent submicron sea spray aerosol. Predicted relationships between chlorophyll a and organic fraction are similar to existing empirical parameterizations, but can vary between biologically productive and nonproductive regions, and seasonally within a given region. Major uncertainties include the bubble film thickness at bursting, and the variability of organic surfactant activity in the ocean, which is poorly constrained. In addition, polysaccharides may enter the aerosol more efficiently than Langmuir adsorption would suggest. Potential mechanisms for enrichment of polysaccharides in sea spray include the formation of marine colloidal particles that may be more efficiently swept up by rising bubbles, and cooperative adsorption of polysaccharides with proteins or lipids. These processes may make important contributions to the aerosol, but are not included here. This organic fractionation framework is an initial step towards a closer linking of ocean biogeochemistry and aerosol chemical composition in Earth system models. Future work should focus on improving constraints on model parameters through new laboratory experiments or through empirical fitting to observed relationships in the real ocean and atmosphere, as well as on atmospheric implications of the variable composition of organic matter in sea spray.

show abstract

“…Although it is difficult to ascertain whether laboratory experiments successfully simulate the processes occurring in nature, laboratory experiments with artificially produced aerosols were conducted. According to many workers [Horne, 1969;MacIntyre, 1970] , bursting bubbles represent the main mechanism for injecting marine aerosols into the air. Various bubbling experi- For AA spectrometry, portions of membrane filters, gauzes, and'impactor slides were thoroughly washed by repeated immersions and stirring in controlled volumes of quartz twicedistilled water and finally in twice-distilled water to which small amounts of organic detergents were added.…”

Section: Laboratory and In Situ Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in ionic ratios between reference sea water and marine aerosols

Chesselet¹,

Morelli²,

Buat‐Ménard³

1972

J. Geophys. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric particles were collected over the open sea (western Mediterranean, North Atlantic, and Norwegian Sea) by air filtration and cascade impactor sampling. The observed K/Na concentration ratios exhibited marked variation and were greater than the reference ratio in bulk sea water. These concentration ratios can be related to the existence of a chemical fractionation affecting the marine aerosols produced by bubbles bursting at the sea surface. Minute amounts of terrigenous dust are found in northern hemisphere marine air in the same range of concentrations as sea-salt particles and contain sodium and potassium of primary continental origin. The presence of this terrigenous dust in the samples raises questions as to the validity of the fractionation hypothesis. In strong support of this fractionation concept are data from our laboratory based on (a) laboratory and in situ experiments with artificially produced aerosols; (b) high-volume air sampling over the Antarctic Ocean with controlled low loads of hydro-insoluble dust; and (c) coastal region sampling where silicon, aluminum, iron, and potassium provide a corrective index for potassium-rich terrigenous dust concentrations. The Cl/Na ratios measured resemble the sea-water values, which could indicate that an enrichment of potassium takes place rather than a depletion of sodium. The. Ca/Na ratios often follow the K/Na ratios and suggest identical enrichment of calcium. The enrichments seem to preferentially affect particles of small size (_•1-2 •m), and long-range transport of fractionated marine aerosols can be hypothesized. This is supported by K/Na, Ca•/Na, and Mg/Na ratios as measured in another laboratory. These ratios, observed in ice from the central part of the East Antarctic Plateau and corrected for a terrigenous influence with the iron index, suggest a geochemical fractionation at the marine source. These data further suggest that fractionated marine aerosols can be transported far from their place of origin. Attention has been focused on the production of sea-borne salt particles, their inorganic ion chemistry, and their distribution within the framework of an extensive study of the transport and exchange of particulate matter between oceans and continents via the atmosphere. The data collected and the various geochemical aspects of the processes involved have been published recently [Chessele't e.t al., 1971]. It was concluded that chemical fractionation processes governing the sodium, potassium, and calcium ratios take place during the formation of marine aerosols. This theory, based on laboratory experiments and oceanic air investigations, constitutes the subject of our present discussion.In this study, the ionic ratios in aerosols will be compared with the following reference seawater ratios:

show abstract

Geochemical fractionation during mass transfer from sea to air by breaking bubbles

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Ion enrichment in aerosols dispersed from bursting bubbles in aqueous salt solutions

Ion enrichment in aerosols dispersed from bursting bubbles in aqueous salt solutions

A physically based framework for modeling the organic fractionation of sea spray aerosol from bubble film Langmuir equilibria

Variations in ionic ratios between reference sea water and marine aerosols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About