Geochemical Indication of Functional Zones at the Archaeological Sites of Eastern Europe

Kulkova, Marianna

doi:10.3390/min12091075

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The identification and analysis of the major and trace elements by XRF spectroscopy was possible due to the characteristic behavior of atoms when they interact with radiation [ 20 , 21 ]. When materials are excited by X-rays (high-energy and very short wavelength radiation), they can be ionized.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sourcing Limestone Masonry for the Restoration of Heritage Buildings: Frumoasa Monastery Case Study

et al. 2022

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Cultural and religious heritage assessments and restorations are considered to be a fundamental requirement of any modern society because these constructions represent one of the most meaningful and tangible connections to our past. With rare exceptions, heritage buildings were built with materials and systems that could bear gravitational loads but not bending and shearing resulting from seismic loading. Thus, in many cases, earthquake ground motions have led to severe degradation and even the collapse of various parts of these structural systems. In order to address these issues, repair and replacement techniques are applied as common parts of restoration work. In the peculiar case of stone masonry structures, a standalone macroscopic examination is not self-assured and, most often, can lead to an inadequate selection of a replacement material. Therefore, a knowledge of mesoscopic, petrographic, physical and mechanical properties is compulsory in the design, planning and execution of restoration work. From this perspective, the present research has taken, as a case of study, the Frumoasa monastic complex from Iași, Romania, introducing microscopic, XRF (X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy and petrographically based approaches, comparing three limestone samples with a sample dislodged from the original wall. The physical properties (bulk and real densities, open porosity and capillary water absorption coefficient) and the mechanical properties (compressive and tensile strengths) were also experimentally determined. The samples were extracted from stone quarries located on the territories that were part of the same historical region as the Frumoasa monastic complex. Based on the outcomes of this study, suitable criteria for the stone replacement—consisting of identifying the main structure, quarry rock petrographical parameters and physical and mechanical characteristics—were determined and applied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sourcing Limestone Masonry for the Restoration of Heritage Buildings: Frumoasa Monastery Case Study

et al. 2022

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“…For reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions and anthropogenic activity, the method of geochemical indication of environmental-paleoclimatic conditions was applied [52][53][54][55]. An important criterion is the assessment of anthropogenic activity by the geochemical method in the layers of the stratigraphic sequence at the sites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Paleoclimatic Changes on the Cultural and Historical Processes at the Turn of the Late Bronze—Early Iron Ages in the Northern Black Sea Region

et al. 2022

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The Late Bronze Age crisis is one of the most significant events in human history an had occurred in about 1200 BCE. The aridization was one the reasons of a decline of agriculture, migrant expansion and the transition to nomadic style of life. In Eastern Mediterranean the collapse of the advanced civilizations such as the Mycenaean, Hittite, Canaanite, Akkadian occurred in this time. The reconstruction of cultural-historical processes at the turn of the Bronze-Early Iron Ages and environment during this “critical” period of 13th–9th centuries BCE in the Northern Black Sea region is important for understanding this event. Interdisciplinary investigations of the paleoclimatic reconstructions and the cultural traditions have been carried out at the key archaeological sites located in the North-Western Pontic region (SaharnaMică, Saharna Mare, Glinjeni II-La Șanț, Dikiy Sad sites and Cazaclia necropolis). For reconstruction of paleoclimatic conditions and anthropogenic activity, the methods of geochemical indication of paleoclimatic conditions and radiocarbon dating were applied. The climatic changes in the Dniester basin towards aridization around 11th–9th century’s calBC were a crisis of the Belozerkа culture in the Pontic steppe and the trigger for the spreading of the Cozia-Saharna cultural communities into the forest-steppe zone and the formation of fortified settlements the Saharna Miča, the Saharna Mare and the Glinjeni II-La Șanț.

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“…Regarding soil fertilisation, to the aforementioned contributions of water, we have to add the geochemical composition of the soil, with trace elements related to fertilisation that are much richer in the Roman soil than in the upper soil dating from the modern-medieval periods. As aforementioned Ca, P and Sr concentrations may be associated with the presence of bone remains, elements such as Ba and Mn with humus, while K has been associated with ash and charcoal, and Cu is also related to ash, fires and waste (Gallello et al, 2019;Kulkova, 2022). In general, all these components blend in well with the organic contributions from the domestic waste that would have accompanied the ancient pottery.…”

Section: Field Tillage and Maintenance: Continuous Input Of Labourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important markers related to human activities (Mn, Sr, Fe, K, Ba, Ca, P and Cu) (Gallello et al, 2019;Kulkova, 2022) show different concentrations between the upper middle (medieval-modern and topsoil) and lower (Roman) parts (Tables 4, 5 and 6). According to the literature (Gallello et al, 2019;Kulkova, 2022), Ca, P and Sr can be associated with the presence of bone remains, Ba and Mn may be related to humus, Fe to plant roots, K to the presence of ash and charcoal, and Cu also to ash, fires and waste. In general, a possible hypothesis could be that in the upper part the manure was relatively poor compared to the lower middle part of the sections.…”

Section: Geochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Roman farmers in eastern Iberia: A spatial, geoarchaeological and bioarchaeological approach to agrarian strategies

Grau Mira,

Gutiérrez-Rodríguez,

López Sáez

et al. 2024

Quaternary International

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Geochemical Indication of Functional Zones at the Archaeological Sites of Eastern Europe

Cited by 5 publications

References 39 publications

Sourcing Limestone Masonry for the Restoration of Heritage Buildings: Frumoasa Monastery Case Study

Sourcing Limestone Masonry for the Restoration of Heritage Buildings: Frumoasa Monastery Case Study

Impact of Paleoclimatic Changes on the Cultural and Historical Processes at the Turn of the Late Bronze—Early Iron Ages in the Northern Black Sea Region

Roman farmers in eastern Iberia: A spatial, geoarchaeological and bioarchaeological approach to agrarian strategies

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