Geochemical Investigation of Fluoride Migration in the Soil Affected by an Accidental Hydrofluoric Acid Leakage

Kwon, Eun Jin; Lee, Hyun A; Kim, Doyoung; Lee, Junseok; Lee, Sanghoon; Yoon, Hoi Soo

doi:10.7857/jsge.2015.20.3.065

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Aldaco et al [44] observed that while adding doses of calcium ions to fluoride present in wastewater, the ions (Ca 2+ and F -) form an insoluble product (CaF 2 ). Additionally, CaF 2 formation confirmed the possibility of CaF 2 precipitate formation in the reaction between calcium ions and soluble F present in soil using PHREEQC, a geochemical model [45].…”

Section: Non-carcinogenic Risk (Hq) = Add/rfdo + Ade/rfc + Addw/rfdosupporting

confidence: 58%

Stabilization of fluorine in soil using calcium hydroxide and its potential human health risk

Jeong

Kim

Yoon

2019

Environmental Engineering Research

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This study assessed the stabilization of fluorine (F)-contaminated soil using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and the consequent changes in human health risk. The bioavailable F decreased to 3.5%, (i.e., 57.9 ± 1.27 mg/kg in 6% Ca(OH)2-treated soil sample) from 43.0%, (i.e., 711 ± 23.4 mg/kg in control soil sample). This resulted from the conversion of water-soluble F to stable calcium fluoride, which was confirmed by XRD spectrometry. Soil ingestion, inhalation of fugitive dust from soil, and water ingestion were selected as exposure pathways for human health risk assessment. Non-carcinogenic risks of F in soils reduced to less than 1.0 after stabilization, ranging from 4.2 to 0.34 for child and from 3.0 to 0.25 for adult. Contaminated water ingestion owing to the leaching of F from soil to groundwater was considered as a major exposure pathway. The risks through soil ingestion and inhalation of fugitive dust from soil were insignificant both before and after stabilization, although F concentration exceeded the Korean soil regulatory level before stabilization. Our data suggested that substantial risk to human health owing to various potential exposure pathways could be addressed by managing F present in soil.

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Section: Non-carcinogenic Risk (Hq) = Add/rfdo + Ade/rfc + Addw/rfdosupporting

confidence: 58%

Stabilization of fluorine in soil using calcium hydroxide and its potential human health risk

Jeong

Kim

Yoon

2019

Environmental Engineering Research

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“…To avoid the di culties of a pretreatment process in incineration/distillation or alkaline fusion, the combination of aqua regia extraction and the determination of the uorine concentration in water with UV/vis spectrophotometry according to the U.S. standard method was proposed (Kwon et al, 2015). A soil sample sieved through a 200 mesh sieve was mixed with 10 mL aqua regia, and the mixture was heated at 70 ℃ for 2 h, ltered with the glass ber-type B lter, and diluted to 100 mL with deionized water.…”

Section: Aqua Regia Extraction-uv/vis Spectrophotometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, uorine is assumed to prevent tooth decay; thus, a project on the control of uorine in tap water was implemented in South Korea (Kwon et al, 2015). However, excessive exposure can cause uorine accumulations in teeth and bones (i.e., uorosis; Czerwinski et al, 1988); in general, less than 1 mg/L uorine is injected into drinking water to prevent tooth decay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine contamination of soils at a phosphate-gypsum waste landfill in South Korea: analytical protocols, regulation levels, and legal framework

Seo

2022

Preprint

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To evaluate the fluorine contamination level of soils at a phosphate-gypsum waste landfill site, the fluorine distributions in the waste and soil, forms of fluorine-containing compounds in the soil and waste, and mobility and leachability of fluorine in the natural environment were investigated. The fluorine content was chemically analyzed with the Korean standard method and sequential extraction procedure. The chemical forms of fluorine were determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The total fluorine concentrations in the phosphate-gypsum wastes ranged from 1787 to 4496 mg/kg. The soil below the landfill showed a total fluorine concentration of 332.7–776.0 mg/kg, which was approximately 3 to 4 times higher than that of the background soil (190.0–260.0 mg/kg). However, the fluorine concentrations of the soils were lower than the regulation level of the Soil Environment Conservation Act in South Korea (800 mg/kg). Moreover, the sequential fluorine extraction results showed that most of the fluorine content in the wastes and soils existed in the form of residues; thus, the extraction of fluorine in the natural environment may not be of significance. The XRD and XPS results revealed that most fluorine compounds in the phosphate-gypsum waste landfill existed as CaF2 and other forms (gypsum (CaSO4⋅2H2O), apatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH, F, Cl)2), sulfur fluorides, and kogarkoite (Na3SO4F)), which have limited solubility in water. According to the sequential extraction results, the soil below 0.1 m depth from the boundary between the phosphate wastes and soil contains up to approximately 60% residue; this indicates that the excavation of waste and soil down to 0.1 m depth from the boundary may be crucial for decreasing the mobility of fluorine in the natural environment. Furthermore, the origins of fluorine and regulation levels in the legal framework were discussed.

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“…Although small amounts of uorine in water help keep teeth healthy (Kwon et al, 2015), high concentrations of uorine in plants and animals can cause toxic effects (Pushnik and Miller, 1990;Patra et al, 2000;Yu et al, 2022). Furthermore, the accumulation of uorine in human bodies may harm human health by promoting diseases such as osteoporosis (Grandjean, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various chemical decomposition methods, including the incineration/distillation-UV/vis spectrophotometry method (Willard and Winter, 1933), alkaline fusion-selective ion electrode method (McQuaker and Gurney, 1977), and aqua regia extraction-UV/vis spectrophotometry (Kwon et al, 2015), have been used to determine the total concentrations of uorine in a solid matrix. In South Korea, the total uorine concentration in the soil is commonly determined using the incineration/distillation-UV/vis spectrophotometry method (a standard method to analyze the uorine concentration in soil), and remediation action is decided accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorine contamination, mobility, and risks in soils at a phosphate-gypsum waste landfill: a new analytical method and comparison with previous methods

Oh,

Kim,

Yoon

2024

Environ Geochem Health

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This study used a new X-ray uorescence (XRF)-based analytical method with better precision and sensitivity to evaluate the uorine concentrations in soil. It was hypothesized that the XRF method with a pellet-synthesizing procedure may effectively analyze the uorine concentrations in soil with ease and reliability. The total uorine concentrations determined using XRF were compared with those determined using three different types of analytical protocols-incineration/distillation, alkaline fusion, and aqua regia extraction procedures. Among the three procedures, the incineration/distillation procedure did not show reliable precision and reproducibility. In contrast, the total uorine concentrations determined using the XRF analysis were linearly correlated with those determined using the alkaline fusion and aqua regia extraction procedures. Based on the results of the Korean waste leaching procedure (KWLP) and toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), the leachability of uorine from soil and waste was not directly related to total uorine concentrations in soil. Risk assessment also revealed that the uorine-rich soils did not show non-carcinogenic toxic effects, despite exceeding the regulation level (800 mg/kg) in South Korea for total uorine concentrations in soil. Our results suggest that XRF analysis in combination with the newly developed pretreatment method may be a promising alternative procedure for easily and rapidly determining the total uorine concentration in soil. However, further efforts are needed to evaluate uorine leachability and its associated risks in uorine-contaminated soils.

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Geochemical Investigation of Fluoride Migration in the Soil Affected by an Accidental Hydrofluoric Acid Leakage

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Stabilization of fluorine in soil using calcium hydroxide and its potential human health risk

Stabilization of fluorine in soil using calcium hydroxide and its potential human health risk

Fluorine contamination of soils at a phosphate-gypsum waste landfill in South Korea: analytical protocols, regulation levels, and legal framework

Fluorine contamination, mobility, and risks in soils at a phosphate-gypsum waste landfill: a new analytical method and comparison with previous methods

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