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Three major episodes of activity are distinguished in each of three volcanotectonic provinces. The provinces are represented by a craton to the N and the Moldanubian zone (including central Iberia) in the S separated by the orogen which combines the inner Saxothuringian-Ossa Morena zone with the outer Rhenohercynian-S Portuguese zone. During the first episode (380-325 Ma) activity did not begin on the craton until early Carboniferous and was then continental, alkaline and mainly basaltic; in the orogen, however, bimodal mainly tholeiitic activity assumed to be back-arc in character continued from early in the Devonian, while the southern province was experiencing calc-alkaline volcanism probably related to northwards subduction of the proto-Tethys ocean crust. The second episode saw the alkaline activity of the craton becoming volumetrically reduced and largely more phreatic, while the orogen became volcanologically inactive and calc-alkaline activity probably continued in the S, although the evidence (distal ash-fall farther N) is indirect. In the third episode the orogen, now accreted to the northern craton, experienced, with the craton, renewed and more silica-undersaturated alkaline activity related to newly formed fracture patterns, while in the southern province there was a resurgence of calcalkaline activity.
Three major episodes of activity are distinguished in each of three volcanotectonic provinces. The provinces are represented by a craton to the N and the Moldanubian zone (including central Iberia) in the S separated by the orogen which combines the inner Saxothuringian-Ossa Morena zone with the outer Rhenohercynian-S Portuguese zone. During the first episode (380-325 Ma) activity did not begin on the craton until early Carboniferous and was then continental, alkaline and mainly basaltic; in the orogen, however, bimodal mainly tholeiitic activity assumed to be back-arc in character continued from early in the Devonian, while the southern province was experiencing calc-alkaline volcanism probably related to northwards subduction of the proto-Tethys ocean crust. The second episode saw the alkaline activity of the craton becoming volumetrically reduced and largely more phreatic, while the orogen became volcanologically inactive and calc-alkaline activity probably continued in the S, although the evidence (distal ash-fall farther N) is indirect. In the third episode the orogen, now accreted to the northern craton, experienced, with the craton, renewed and more silica-undersaturated alkaline activity related to newly formed fracture patterns, while in the southern province there was a resurgence of calcalkaline activity.
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