Geochemical Monitoring System II prototype (GMS II) installation at the “Acqua Difesa” well, within the Etna region: first data during the 1999 volcanic crisis

Quattrocchi, F.; Stefano, Giuseppe Di; Pizzino, L.; Pongetti, F.; Romeo, G.; Scarlato, Piergiorgio; Sciacca, U.; Urbini, G.

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(00)00177-3

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The short half-life of ( 222 Rn) (3.82 days) limits its diffusion in soil, so that radon measured at the ground surface cannot be released from a deep origin, unless there exists a driving mechanism other than mere diffusion. Radon is a marker of convection process, fault interaction and of uranium, thorium mineral rocks (Quattrocchi et al, 2000). The movement of radon through rocks under the earth largely depends on lithology, compaction, porosity and fractural and tectonic features like faults, thrust, joints or fractures (Tanner, 1986;Gunderson et al, 1998;Choubey et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological significance of soil gas radon: A case study of Nurpur area, district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

Singh¹,

Sharma²,

Dhar³

et al. 2006

Radiation Measurements

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological significance of soil gas radon: A case study of Nurpur area, district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

Singh¹,

Sharma²,

Dhar³

et al. 2006

Radiation Measurements

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“…This approach is very rare in the literary perspective and in that sense the GMS II prototype, including the radon monitor ''sensor'', could represent a new line of research devoted to environmental risks surveillance (QUATTROCCHI et al, 1999a). In our configuration, the radon monitor device is not the fulcrum of the multi-parametric system (as for i.e., CRM and EPOS1 monitors), but a ''channel''; therefore the discussed radon prototype has been conceived as a ''sensor-channel'', with final analogic output linked to the GMS II acquisition system.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater, Radon Continuous Monitoring System ( α -scintillation Counting) for Natural Hazard Surveillance

Galli

Mancini

Quattrocchi

2000

Pure and Applied Geophysics

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A ''quasi continuous mode'' monitoring system to measure the radon concentration within a natural environment (mainly groundwater), was designed, assembled and tested, under collaboration between DINCE and ING, partly within the framework of two EC funded programs.The radon monitor consists of a customised discrete automatic sampler which produces a gas flux circuit, and an economical h-scintillation cell, coupled with a reliable electronics-photomultiplier assemblage. A convenient calibration system together with a temporised control system have been set up. The overall ''mean efficiency'' of the system was calculated to be 7.7990.13 counts per minute (cpm) for each Bq/L.Taking into consideration the present and future requirements of a geochemical surveillance network to assess natural hazards, the prototype design evolved from the study of existing systems devoted to monitor radon concentration levels, which are critically reviewed within this paper.In response to the main prerequisite of a remote station: maximum remote sensor versatility preserving shared software and hardware for the network as a whole, this radon monitoring system was conceived as part of a multi-parametric Geochemical Monitoring System (GMS II) prototype, designed and realised as a test-stand for sensors (chemical, hydrological, geophysical, organic chemistry devoted, etc.) in continuous evolution throughout the international market.

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“…The main problems inherent in the storage of natural gas (mainly methane, CH4) analyzed to be included in the new "Unified European Directive for the use of subsurface and lands to produce energy/heat/resources" are: capacity (volumes), gas containment as main fair of the citizens also in prairies, where gas storage (CO2, CH4) or geothermal prone areas are located [8][9], mostly if associated to strong earthquakes [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and shallow fluid preservation (safety), geomechanical-induced/triggered seismicity or weak caprock [18][19][20][21] safety and public awareness/public acceptance, by a correct and transparent communication. Induced hazards could be produced as CO2 degassing, radon indoor and enhanced radioactivity in aquifers, being 222 Rn a natural gas released from the rock matrix during stress-related episodes or activated faults over the CO2/CH4/radon natural background [22,23,24] We refer to the papers [2][3] mainly, which are also published to calculate the "energetic density" [MWh/hectars/year], normalized to the minimum GHGs emissions, for all technologies, among which is exploited / stored natural gas, located in the single-out studied regions.…”

Section: Natural Gas Storage Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[18][19]21]) to be performed by a large group people and not only by few researchers, often selected "top to down" from pro-tempore heads of Public Research Institutions or Universities, and ii) studies on the so-called Natural Gas Hazard, or the leaks of natural gas up to the surface, i.e., long tectonic discontinuities and fracturing fields, as already highlighted in Italy (e.g. literature below, [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]). The "transparency" and "inclusion" rules inside the research centers, have been recently un-attended in Italy (a lot of newspaper articles were published about it), dropping down the "public acceptance" of natural gas sites, where "overpressuring" should be performed.…”

Section: Natural Gas Storage Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

From Separated Laws and Directives to a Unique Regulatory Issue in Europe about the Synergic and Conflicting Use of Subsurface to Produce Low Carbon Energy

Quattrocchi¹

2019

IJES

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At the European Parliament is urgent need to merge a "Unified European Directive for the use of subsurface and lands to produce energy/heat/resources", especially creating an "unified permit exploration", because energy-heat technologies for the subsurface are multiplied and increasingly interconnected: i) the same crustal block can now be used both at several layers and in several geologic strata, for example combining geothermal energy with CO2 storage: ii) gas production with subsequent or simultaneous natural gas storage (CH4) both conventional and unconventional (CBM = Coal Bed Methane, as well as shale/oil gas); iii) injection of fluids during the production geothermal energy; iv) energy storage in the upper layers and maybebelow-a reservoir of Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) to reinject fluids: the CO2 can be stored in coal beds at shallower levels or by deeper Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR-CO2); v) shale gas can be extracted with aqueous fluids, from other layers, as scrap unconventional production in more desert areas (i.e. where induced/triggered seismicity has less risk). Water waste management is to be included too, as well as regulatory framework for abandoned-orphan wells. The vision of the paperhere only partially discussed due to the few pages available, moves and is driven by the multi-faced Italian regulatory framework, which is very complete/complex, despite divided in-at least-5 different laws, not jointed in any manner up to date each-other. In particular, a dozen Italian laws would be merged in a single law/directive, "Unified European Directive for the use of subsurface and lands to produce energy/heat/resources", that makes faster the authorization process for a "unified permit exploration" both at Ministry of Economic Development and at Environmental Impact Assessment (VIA-VAS) procedures. As an example, the pre-existing laws, including geothermal energy legislation opening the market to little enterprises too-that only recently (2010) has been renewed, is already obsolete, both in the light of public acceptance issues (very useful should be the use of 3D printer scaled underground vision!), and in the light of new technologies using the underground 3D space to produce energy-heat, coming from overseas, to be customized for each country in the Strategic Energy Planning (SEN).

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Geochemical Monitoring System II prototype (GMS II) installation at the “Acqua Difesa” well, within the Etna region: first data during the 1999 volcanic crisis

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Geological significance of soil gas radon: A case study of Nurpur area, district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

Geological significance of soil gas radon: A case study of Nurpur area, district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India

Groundwater, Radon Continuous Monitoring System ( α -scintillation Counting) for Natural Hazard Surveillance

From Separated Laws and Directives to a Unique Regulatory Issue in Europe about the Synergic and Conflicting Use of Subsurface to Produce Low Carbon Energy

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