Geochemical processes in the saltwater–freshwater transition zone: comparing results of a sand tank experiment with field data

Panteleit, Björn; Hamer, Kay; Kringel, Robert; Kessels, W.; Schulz, Horst D

doi:10.1007/s12665-010-0499-1

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…An aquifer simulator consists of a watertight container filled with a porous sediment saturated with water. Controlled groundwater flow conditions have previously been used to study the migration of a contaminant plume [41,42] and the temperature distribution in a dike [43] or to evaluate the accuracy of flowmeters measuring the horizontal groundwater velocity [8]. The AS used in this study was constructed from a metal frame with glass walls measuring 2 × 1 × 1 m (length × width × height) which was filled with sand of 0.1–0.25 mm grain sizes, a porosity of 0.41, and a hydraulic conductivity of 9 m/d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities for Groundwater Flow Sensing with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Drusová

Bakx

Wexler³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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An understanding of groundwater flow near drinking water extraction wells is crucial when it comes to avoiding well clogging and pollution. A promising new approach to groundwater flow monitoring is the deployment of a network of optical fibers with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. In preparation for a field experiment, a laboratory scale aquifer was constructed to investigate the feasibility of FBG sensors for this application. Multiparameter FBG sensors were able to detect changes in temperature, pressure, and fiber shape with sensitivities influenced by the packaging. The first results showed that, in a simulated environment with a flow velocity of 2.9 m/d, FBG strain effects were more pronounced than initially expected. FBG sensors of a pressure-induced strain implemented in a spatial array could form a multiplexed sensor for the groundwater flow direction and magnitude. Within the scope of this research, key technical specifications of FBG interrogators for groundwater flow sensing were also identified.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities for Groundwater Flow Sensing with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Drusová

Bakx

Wexler³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…For example, the cation-equivalent concentration could be calculated as the sum of the product of the absolute value of the charge of a cation species z i,cat and its concentration c i,cat over all cation species N cat in the sample (Equation (1)). The total anion-equivalent concentration was determined similarly [ 21 , 22 ]. The total anion-equivalent concentration must be equal to the total cation-equivalent concentration due to the electron neutrality in the solution [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel-Based Sensors for Ethanol Detection in Alcoholic Beverages

Erfkamp

Guenther

Gerlach

2019

Sensors

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A fast and reliable determination of the ethanol concentration is essential in the analysis of alcoholic beverages. However, different factors like pH value or salt concentration can influence the ethanol measurement. Furthermore, analytical figures of merit for the alcohol sensor, such as limit of detection, sensitivity and measurement uncertainty, are necessary for the application. In this paper, a detailed sensor characterization of a novel sensor based on ethanol-sensitive poly acrylamide hydrogels will be presented. The resulting swelling pressure of the hydrogel was transformed via a piezoresistive pressure sensor into a measurable output voltage. These kinds of sensors can be used over a large measuring range, up to 50 vol% ethanol and more, with a high sensitivity. In the range from pH 7.4 to 4, the pH value had no influence on the sensor signal. Higher salt concentrations can slightly influence the measurement. The detection limit amounts to 0.06–0.65 vol% ethanol. The concentration of a vodka sample was determined with a sufficient measuring uncertainty.

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“…Mercado 1985, Barbecot et al 2000, Harbison and Cox 2002, Al-Agha and El-Nakhal 2004, Pulido-Leboeuf 2004, Sivan et al 2005, Mondal et al 2010, Panteleit et al 2011. Cation exchange between Ca 2+ in dilute groundwater and Na + in seawater is well known (Nadler et al 1980, Richter et al 1993, Petalas and Diamantis 1999, Martínez and Bocanegra 2002, Andersen et al 2005, Appelo and Postma 2005, Petalas and Lambrakis 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seawater–freshwater mixing and resulting calcite dissolution: an example from a coastal alluvial aquifer in eastern South Korea

Chae

Yun

et al. 2012

Hydrological Sciences Journal

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In order to evaluate groundwater quality and geochemical reactions arising from mixing between seawater and dilute groundwater, we performed a hydrochemical investigation of alluvial groundwater in a limestone-rich coastal area of eastern South Korea. Two sites were chosen for comparison: an upstream site and a downstream site. Data of major ion chemistry and ratios of oxygen-hydrogen isotopes (δ 18 O, δD) revealed different major sources of groundwater salinity: recharge by sea-spray-affected precipitation in the upstream site, and seawater intrusion and diffusion zone fluctuation in the downstream site. The results of geochemical modelling showed that Ca 2+ enrichment in the downstream area is caused by calcite dissolution enhanced by the ionic strength increase, as a result of seawater-groundwater mixing under open system conditions with a constant P CO2 value (about 10 -1.5 atm). The results show that, for coastal alluvial groundwater residing on limestone, significant hydrochemical change (especially increased hardness) due to calcite dissolution enhanced by seawater mixing should be taken into account for better groundwater management. This process can be effectively evaluated using geochemical modelling. Résumé Afin d'évaluer la qualité des eaux souterraines et les réactions géochimiques résultant du mélange d'eau de mer et d'eaux souterraines diluées, nous avons effectué une étude hydrochimique des nappes alluviales dans une zone côtière de l'est de la Corée du Sud riche en calcaire. Deux sites de la zone d'étude (un site en amont et un site en aval) ont été choisis pour la comparaison. Les données de la chimie des ions majeurs et les rapports isotopiques de l'oxygène et de l'hydrogène (δ 18 O, δD) ont révélé différentes sources principales de salinité des eaux souterraines: le sel marin de recharge pour le site amont, l'intrusion d'eau de mer et la fluctuation de la zone de diffusion pour le site aval. Les résultats de la modélisation géochimique ont montré que Ca 2+ dans la zone d'enrichissement en aval provient de la dissolution de la calcite, renforcée par l'augmentation de la force ionique résultant du mélange de l'eau de mer et de l'eau souterraine en système ouvert avec une valeur constante de P CO2 (environ 10 -1,5 atm). Les résultats de cette étude montrent que pour les eaux souterraines côtières alluviales en zone calcaire, les modifications hydrochimiques significatives (en particulier, l'augmentation de la dureté), dues à l'augmentation de la dissolution de la calcite en raison du mélange avec l'eau de mer, doivent être soigneusement prises en considération pour une meilleure gestion des eaux souterraines. La modélisation géochimique permet d'apprécier efficacement ce processus.Mots clefs eaux souterraines littorales peu profondes; mélange avec l'eau de mer; terrain calcaire; dissolution de la calcite; modélisation hydrogéochimique

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Geochemical processes in the saltwater–freshwater transition zone: comparing results of a sand tank experiment with field data

Cited by 19 publications

References 40 publications

Possibilities for Groundwater Flow Sensing with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Possibilities for Groundwater Flow Sensing with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Hydrogel-Based Sensors for Ethanol Detection in Alcoholic Beverages

Seawater–freshwater mixing and resulting calcite dissolution: an example from a coastal alluvial aquifer in eastern South Korea

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