Geochemical prospection of cadmium in a high incidence area of prostate cancer, Sierra de Gata, Salamanca, Spain

Sánchez, Antonio García; Antona, J. F.; Urrutia, Miguel

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(92)90452-x

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Though studies linking occupational exposure to cadmium and prostate cancer are inconsistent, studies linking environmental exposure to the metal with prostate cancer demonstrate an association between cadmium and the disease (11)(12)(13). A link between cadmium in drinking water and food and prostate cancer has also been observed (11,13,62,68). It is interesting to note that the androgen-like effects of low doses of cadmium found in this study are consistent with exposure to environmental concentrations of cadmium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Role of Cadmium in the Regulation of AR Gene Expression and Activity

Martin¹

2002

Endocrinology

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Treatment of human prostate cancer cells, LNCaP, with cadmium stimulated cell growth. There was a 2.4-fold increase in the population of cells in the S + G(2)M phase by d 4 and a 2.7-fold increase in cell number by d 8. The metal decreased the concentration of AR protein and mRNA (80 and 60%, respectively) and increased the expression of prostate-specific antigen and the homeobox gene, NKX 3.1 (6-fold) that was blocked by an antiandrogen. In addition, cadmium activated the AR in mouse L cells containing an MMTV-luciferase reporter gene (4-fold increase) and in COS-1 cells transfected with wild-type AR and an MMTV-CAT reporter gene (7-fold increase). Cadmium also activated a chimeric receptor (GAL-AR) containing the hormone-binding domain of AR. The metal bound to AR with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.19 x 10(-10) M. Cadmium blocked the binding of androgen to the receptor but did not alter its affinity (dissociation constant = 2.8 x 10(-10) M), suggesting that the metal is an inhibitor of hormone binding. In castrated animals, a single, low, environmentally relevant dose of cadmium (20 microg/kg body weight) increased the wet weight of the prostate (1.97- to 3-fold) and the seminal vesicle complex (approximately 1.5-fold) and increased the expression of the androgen-regulated gene, probasin (27-fold). The in vivo effects were also blocked by an antiandrogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Role of Cadmium in the Regulation of AR Gene Expression and Activity

Martin¹

2002

Endocrinology

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“…However, the authors did not conclude that cadmium was the determining cause of prostate cancer; which probably has more to do with nature occurrence of the chemical than with human activity [9]. Occupational studies on cadmium exposure may be not general population representative because workers suffer much greater exposure than the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium burden and the risk and phenotype of prostate cancer

Chen

et al. 2009

BMC Cancer

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BackgroundStudies on the association between prostate cancer and cadmium exposure have yielded conflicting results. This study explored cadmium burden on the risk and phenotype of prostate cancer in men with no evident environmental exposure.MethodsHospital-based 261 prostate cancer cases and 267 controls with benign diseases were recruited from four hospitals in Taiwan. Demographic, dietary and lifestyle data were collected by standardized questionnaires. Blood cadmium (BCd) and creatinine-adjusted urine cadmium (CAUCd) levels were measured for each participant. Statistical analyses measured the prostate cancer risk associated with BCd and CAUCd separately, controlling for age, smoking and institution. BCd and CAUCd levels within cases were compared in relation to the disease stage and the Gleason score.ResultsHigh family income, low beef intake, low dairy product consumption and positive family history were independently associated with the prostate carcinogenesis. There was no difference in BCd levels between cases and controls (median, 0.88 versus 0.87 μg/l, p = 0.45). Cases had lower CAUCd levels than controls (median, 0.94 versus 1.40 μg/g creatinine, p = 0.001). However, cases with higher BCd and CAUCd levels tended to be at more advanced stages and to have higher Gleason scores. The prostate cancer cases with Gleason scores of ≥ 8 had an odds ratio of 2.89 (95% confidence interval 1.25-6.70), compared with patients with scores of 2-6.ConclusionHigher CAUCd and BCd levels may be associated with advanced cancer phenotypes, but there was only a tenuous association between cadmium and prostate cancer.

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“…Heavy metal toxicity varies according to their oxidation state, solubility and many different inorganic and organic forms 45 . In addition, their toxicity depends on the exposure dose, frequency and duration of exposure, targeted biological species, age, gender, individual susceptibility, genetic and nutritional factors 20,38,46 . Lead contamination is mainly the result of anthropogenic activity with exposition to lead from air and food in nearly equal proportions 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Beers from the Italian Market

Donadini

Spalla

Beone

2008

Journal of the Institute of Brewing

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Nineteen beer brands from the Italian market were surveyed for the presence of arsenic, cadmium and lead in January of 2007. Detection was performed by means of inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Average arsenic content was 10.82±5.54 μg/L, while cadmium (0.16±0.15 μg/L) and lead (1.84±3.24 μg/L) were significantly lower (P<0.05). Overall, this survey indicated that beer may contribute heavy metals to the diet. Nevertheless, the dietary exposure to these contaminants is unlikely to constitute a hazard to the consumer's health due to the low level of contamination found and to the low annual per capita consumption of beer in Italy.

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Geochemical prospection of cadmium in a high incidence area of prostate cancer, Sierra de Gata, Salamanca, Spain

Cited by 27 publications

References 8 publications

Role of Cadmium in the Regulation of AR Gene Expression and Activity

Role of Cadmium in the Regulation of AR Gene Expression and Activity

Cadmium burden and the risk and phenotype of prostate cancer

Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in Beers from the Italian Market

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