Geochemical provenancing and direct dating of the Harbin archaic human cranium

Shao, Qingfeng; Ge, Junyi; Ji, Qiang; Li, Jinhua; Wu, Wensheng; Ji, Yannan; Zhan, Tao; Zhang, Chi; Li, Qiang; Grün, Rainer; Stringer, Chris; Ni, Xijun

doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100131

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The results suggest a minimum age for the cranium of 146 ka. 10 While these results cannot pin the Harbin cranium to an exact site and layer, they are consistent with the conclusion that the cranium is from the late Middle Pleistocene of the Harbin area. 10…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The results of our experiments show that element distributions and REE concentrations of the Harbin cranium and the mammalian fossils found near Dongjiang Bridge have similar distribution patterns. 10 The Sr isotopic composition of the Harbin cranium falls in the range of the local Middle Pleistocene-Early Holocene human and mammalian fossils. 10 We also directly dated the Harbin fossil cranium by the uranium-series disequilibrium (U-series) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 The Sr isotopic composition of the Harbin cranium falls in the range of the local Middle Pleistocene-Early Holocene human and mammalian fossils. 10 We also directly dated the Harbin fossil cranium by the uranium-series disequilibrium (U-series) method. The results suggest a minimum age for the cranium of 146 ka.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage

et al. 2021

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It has recently become clear that several human lineages coexisted with Homo sapiens during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene. Here, we report an archaic human fossil that throws new light on debates concerning the diversification of the Homo genus and the origin of H. sapiens. The fossil was recovered in Harbin city in northeastern China, with a minimum uranium-series age of 146 ka. This cranium is one of the best preserved Middle Pleistocene human fossils. Its massive size, with a large cranial capacity (1,420 mL) falling in the range of modern humans, is combined with a mosaic of primitive and derived characters. It differs from all the other named Homo species by presenting a combination of features, such as long and low cranial vault, a wide and low face, large and almost square orbits, gently curved but massively developed supraorbital torus, flat and low cheekbones with a shallow canine fossa, and a shallow palate with thick alveolar bone supporting very large molars. The excellent preservation of the Harbin cranium advances our understanding of several less-complete late Middle Pleistocene fossils from China, which have been interpreted as local evolutionary intermediates between the earlier species Homo erectus and later H. sapiens. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony criteria and Bayesian tip-dating suggest that the Harbin cranium and some other Middle Pleistocene human fossils from China, such as those from Dali and Xiahe, form a third East Asian lineage, which is a part of the sister group of the H. sapiens lineage. Our analyses of such morphologically distinctive archaic human lineages from Asia, Europe, and Africa suggest that the diversification of the Homo genus may have had a much deeper timescale than previously presumed. Sympatric isolation of small populations combined with stochastic long-distance dispersals is the best fitting biogeographical model for interpreting the evolution of the Homo genus.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage

et al. 2021

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“…H. antecessor is much smaller than the Harbin cranium, with weaker supraorbital development, much smaller endocranial volume, narrower upper face width, and much smaller M. 2 Differing from the Dali cranium, Harbin lacks sagittal keeling and presents proportionally larger and almost square orbits, overall thinner and smoother supraorbital tori with a weaker superciliary arch, and weaker lateral thinning. The Jinniushan cranium has a similar cranial capacity (1,390 ml) to the Harbin, but is more gracile.…”

Section: Comparative Morphologymentioning

confidence: 91%

Late Middle Pleistocene Harbin cranium represents a new Homo species

et al. 2021

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“…Ni Xijun named a new taxa Homo longi by a fossil skull found in Haerbin (Fig. 6 l) [Ji et al, 2021;Shao et al, 2021;Ni et al, 2021], and he proposed a hypothesis of multi-directional "shuttle dispersal model" for the evolution of Homo by phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses, which present the Jinjiushan, Hualongdong, Dali, Xiahe, and Homo Longi belong to a monophyletic group and have been separated with Homo sapiens around 948.73ka. Liu Wu propose that, it may be a proper way to treat the late Middle Pleistocene hominin fossils with combined or mosaic morphological features as uncleared taxa before totally understand their morphological diversities [Liu, Wu, 2022].…”

Section: Middle Pleistocenementioning

confidence: 99%

Foundation and Frontier – Centenary Path of Dental Anthropology in China

Lin¹

2022

MUAB

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Dental anthropology has been developed for 100 years in China. In this paper, the author reviews the articles on dental anthropology related to Chinese materials in the past one hundred years and briefly introduces the issues involved such as human evolution, and the interaction of different populations in historical periods. Results and discussion. The work of foreign scholars has been the foundation of Chinese paleoanthropology and dental anthropology since the discovery of the Hetao human teeth and the Zhoukoudian site. Since then, dental anthropology in China has gone through a phase of material accumulation, a phase of introducing the American ASUDAS in the 1990s, and a phase of prosperity in the last 30 years. The numerous discoveries and the application of new techniques have brought Chinese dental anthropology to an international level. Until now, there are more than 70 human fossil sites in China, over 60 of which contain human dental remains. Less material has been found from the early Pleistocene, and there is some controversy on whether they belong to the genus Homo. While early Middle Pleistocene Homo erectus teeth show primitiveness and some special features, the late Middle Pleistocene human teeth show greater variability, and mosaic features, and there is some controversy on whether some fossils belong to early Homo sapiens or other taxa. The Late Pleistocene human dentition is related to the question of how and when early modern human appeared in China and the evolution of early modern humans. However, due to the incompleteness of the material, the question of human origins is a matter of multidisciplinary and comprehensive interpretation. About 10 sites were studied from Neolithic to modern human dentition using the American ASUDAS. These results show the consistency of non-metric traits in teeth and skulls, display differences between northern and southern Chinese populations, and reveal the exchange between northwestern Chinese and western populations. Some of these results have been confirmed by paleogenomics. Conclusion. Anthropologists began to pay more attention to the morphology of modern human teeth. In the future, the application of new methods and the collection of modern human materials will help us better understand the evolution of ancient humans, population interaction.

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Geochemical provenancing and direct dating of the Harbin archaic human cranium

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage

Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage

Late Middle Pleistocene Harbin cranium represents a new Homo species

Foundation and Frontier – Centenary Path of Dental Anthropology in China

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