Geochemical stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Catoctin volcanic province, central Appalachians

Badger, Robert L.; Sinha, A. K.

doi:10.1130/0-8137-1197-5.435

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Plot of CaO versus SiO 2 for epidote grains extracted from the Yangtze and Nile Delta sediments (unpublished data) and from the Catoctin metabasalt (Badger, ). Error bars on the Catoctin metabasalt epidote concentrations reflect 95% confidence levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table I. Formulae of minerals involved in chemical weathering in the Hauver Branch watershed (Badger, 1989;O'Brien et al, 1997) Note: three-letter mineral abbreviations for each mineral as used in this paper provided in parentheses.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hauver Branch watershed is underlain by the Precambrian Catoctin Formation metabasalt (Fauth, ). This greenstone comprises clinopyroxene, chlorite, epidote, plagioclase feldspar (oligoclase – An 11 ), amphibole (actinolite), sericite‐muscovite, calcite, and quartz (Bricker et al ., ; Katz et al ., ; Badger, ; Katz, ). Calcite and epidote formed during Taconic (440–460 Ma) retrograde metamorphism (Rice and Bricker, ) and are ubiquitous in fractures (Bricker et al ., ; Bricker, ) which control groundwater flow (Fauth, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO₂ consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA

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Rice

Szymanski

2013

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Mineral weathering rates and a forest macronutrient uptake stoichiometry were determined for the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed in north‐central Maryland, USA. Previous studies of Hauver Branch have had an insufficient number of analytes to permit determination of rates of all the minerals involved in chemical weathering, including biomass. More equations in the mass‐balance matrix were added using existing mineralogic information. The stoichiometry of a deciduous biomass term was determined using multi‐year weekly to biweekly stream‐water chemistry for a nearby watershed, which drains relatively unreactive quartzite bedrock. At Hauver Branch, calcite hosts ~38 mol% of the calcium ion (Ca2+) contained in weathering minerals, but its weathering provides ~90% of the stream water Ca2+. This occurs in a landscape with a regolith residence time of more than several Ka (kiloannum). Previous studies indicate that such old regolith does not typically contain dissolving calcite that affects stream Ca2+/Na+ ratios. The relatively high calcite dissolution rate likely reflects dissolution of calcite in fractures of the deep critical zone. Of the carbon dioxide (CO2) consumed by mineral weathering, calcite is responsible for approximately 27%, with the silicate weathering consumption rate far exceeding that of the global average. The chemical weathering of mafic terrains in decaying orogens thus may be capable of influencing global geochemical cycles, and therefore, climate, on geological timescales. Based on carbon‐balance calculations, atmospheric‐derived sulfuric acid is responsible for approximately 22% of the mineral weathering occurring in the watershed. Our results suggest that rising air temperatures, driven by global warming and resulting in higher precipitation, will cause the rate of chemical weathering in the Hauver Branch watershed to increase until a threshold temperature is reached. Beyond the threshold temperature, increased recharge would produce a shallower groundwater table and reduced chemical weathering rates. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO₂ consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA

Price

Rice

Szymanski

2013

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The Swift Run Formation is heterogeneous with a highly variable thickness. The Catoctin Formation forms a thick unit extruded over a large area (>4000 km 2 ) and was generated from mantle-derived tholeiitic magmas (Badger and Sinha, 2004). Metadiabase dikes of similar composition to Catoctin metabasalts intrude the basement complex (and older Neoproterozoic rocks) and are likely feeder dikes for the FLD016-05 2nd pgs page 105 overlying Catoctin lava fl ows.…”

Section: Blue Ridgementioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonics

Fichter¹,

Whitmeyer²,

Bailey³

et al. 2010

The Mid-Atlantic Shore to the Appalachian Highlands

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This fi eld guide covers a two-day east-to-west transect of the Blue Ridge and Valley and Ridge provinces of northwestern Virginia and eastern West Virginia, in the context of an integrated approach to teaching stratigraphy, structural analysis, and regional tectonics. Holistic, systems-based approaches to these topics incorporate both deductive (stratigraphic, structural, and tectonic theoretical models) and inductive (fi eld observations and data collection) perspectives. Discussions of these pedagogic approaches are integral to this fi eld trip. Day 1 of the fi eld trip focuses on Mesoproterozoic granitoid basement (associated with the Grenville orogeny) and overlying Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian cover rocks (Iapetan rifting) of the greater Blue Ridge province. These units collectively form a basement-cored anticlinorium that was thrust over Paleozoic strata of the Valley and Ridge province during Alleghanian contractional tectonics. Day 2 traverses a foreland thrust belt that consists of Cambrian to Ordovician carbonates (Iapetan divergent continental margin), Middle to Upper Ordovician immature clastics (associated with the Taconic orogeny), Silurian to Lower Devonian quartz arenites and carbonates (inter-orogenic tectonic calm), and Upper Devonian to Lower Mississippian clastic rocks (associated with the Acadian orogeny). Alleghanian structural features include the Little North Mountain thrust, Cacapon Mountain anticlinorium, Broad Top synclinorium, and Wills Mountain anticlinorium. Within the road log of this fi eld guide we include both planned and optional stops, so that readers can explore the pedagogic concepts discussed herein in more detail, if desired.

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“…The South Mountain rhyolites occur in association with fl ood basalts of the Catoctin Volcanic Province in the Central Appalachians, and they are exposed along the Blue Ridge anticlinorium (Reed, 1955;Rankin, 1975;Badger and Sinha, 1988;Badger and Sinha, 2004). The Catoctin Volcanic Province had a signifi cant areal extent of at least 11,000 km 2 , and has been linked with other temporally synchronous volcanic and plutonic rocks displaying an oceanisland basalt signature along the eastern margin of North America (from Newfoundland to Virginia; Puffer, 2002).…”

Section: Geologic Setting and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for the origin of rhyolites from South Mountain, Pennsylvania: Implications for rhyolites associated with large igneous provinces

et al. 2010

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High-silica rhyolites, ubiquitous features of continental volcanism, continue to evoke controversy as to their petrogenesis and evolution. We utilized the geochemical characteristics of late Vendian high-silica rhyolites erupted in the Catoctin Volcanic Province at South Mountain in Pennsylvania to probe the origin of the parental magmas and assess heterogeneities in the subsequent fractionation paths. We identifi ed high-and low-Ti signatures within the South Mountain rhyolites, a common feature in many large igneous provinces, and these signatures are suggestive of a genetic link between basalts and rhyolites erupted in the Catoctin Volcanic Province. Two evolutionary trends are superimposed on the Ti-based subdivisions that refl ect variable control of plagioclase and amphibole in the fractionating assemblage of the South Mountain rhyolites. Such distinctive evolutionary trends are evident in rhyolites from other tectonic settings (e.g., arcs), where they have been interpreted in terms of cold-wet and hot-dry conditions within the differentiating magmas. We interpret the amphibole-dominated fractionation path of the South Mountain rhyolites as following a cold-wet fractionation path compared to the hot-dry plagioclase-dominated trends. This study, which examines the geochemical implications of cryptic amphibole fractionation, has implications for assessing the role of amphibole and volatile content in the development of rhyolites in other large igneous provinces.

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Geochemical stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Catoctin volcanic province, central Appalachians

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO₂ consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA

Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO₂ consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA

Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonics

A model for the origin of rhyolites from South Mountain, Pennsylvania: Implications for rhyolites associated with large igneous provinces

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Geochemical stratigraphy and petrogenesis of the Catoctin volcanic province, central Appalachians

Cited by 10 publications

References 49 publications

Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO2 consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA

Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO2 consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA

Stratigraphy, structure, and tectonics

A model for the origin of rhyolites from South Mountain, Pennsylvania: Implications for rhyolites associated with large igneous provinces

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Product

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Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO₂ consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA

Mass‐balance modeling of mineral weathering rates and CO₂ consumption in the forested, metabasaltic Hauver Branch watershed, Catoctin Mountain, Maryland, USA