Geochemical Variations during Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o Eruption Reveal a Fine-scale Mixture of Mantle Heterogeneities within the Hawaiian Plume

Marske, J. P.; Garcia, Michael O.; Pietruszka, A. J.; Rhodes, J. M.; Norman, Marc D.

doi:10.1093/petrology/egn025

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Something of the actual quantitative linkage between eruptive flux, modal abundance, and crystal composition can be seen in studies of the Kilauea summit eruptive history (Garcia et al 2003) and from nearby Pu'u 'O 'o (e.g., Marske et al 2008). The eruptions at Kilauea show a pronounced correlation between flux, bulk MgO content and modal olivine as shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Dynamic Interface Between Physics and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 93%

On some fundamentals of igneous petrology

Marsh

2013

Contrib Mineral Petrol

135

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The age-old process of crystal fractionation leading to the diversity of the igneous rocks and Earth itself is an exceedingly well-understood chemical process in magmatism and physical chemistry. But the broader physical aspects of this and related processes have proven elusive on many fronts, especially in its relation to the spatial variations in rock composition, texture, and macroscopic features like layering. Magmatic systems, be they volcanic, dikes, sills, or plutons, are generally analyzed with a problem at hand and an end result in mind. The processes invoked to solve these problems, which are most often purely chemical, are often unique to each problem with few if any general principles emerging that are central to understanding the wider perspective of magmatic processes and problems. An attempt is made at the outset to provide a list of inviolate Magmatic First Principles that are relevant to analyzing most magmatic problems. These involve: initial conditions; critical crystallinity; solidification fronts; transport and emplacement fluxes; phenocrysts, xenocrysts, primocrysts; crystal size; layering and crystal sorting; thermal convection; magmatic processes are physical. Along with these principles, two reference magmatic systems are suggested where the initial conditions and outcome are unequivocal: the Sudbury impact melt sheet and the Hawaiian lava lakes. Sudbury formed in *5 min by superheated magma crystallized to a near uniform sequence, while the tiny lava lakes, formed of crystal-laden slurries, form a highly differentiated layered sequence. The major difference is in the initial conditions of formation, especially the nature of the input materials. The challenge is to construct and analyze magmatic systems (i.e., magma chambers, sills, dikes, and lavas) using these reference end members and the suggested principles. The Hawaiian 500,000 year volcanic record exhibits what can be expected as input materials, namely a highly varied output of magma of an overall composition reflecting the abundance of entrained olivine primocrysts. The provenance of these crystals is varied, and within any single sample, the population may be highly heterogeneous in composition from crystal to crystal, yet the overall pattern of chemical fractionation is exceedingly regular and well defined. If similar inputs go to form large intrusions, these systems will undoubtedly be dominated by crystal-rich slurries, which provide a vast set of physical processes promoting exotic layering and, at the same time, given the effects of annealing and continued crystal growth, a final chemical record adhering to all the time-honored effects of crystal fractionation. The long assumed initial condition of instantaneously emplaced crystal-free magmas cannot reasonably produce the observed rock records.

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Section: The Dynamic Interface Between Physics and Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 93%

On some fundamentals of igneous petrology

Marsh

2013

Contrib Mineral Petrol

135

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“…The ongoing Pu'u ' O' o eruption on K ılauea's East Rift Zone (Figure 1) has been active nearly continuously for 30 years and is Hawai'i's longest and most voluminous ($4 km 3 ) historical eruption [Poland et al, 2012]. The continuous petrologic and geochemical monitoring of the Pu'u ' O' o eruption [e.g., Garcia et al, 2000;Marske et al, 2008;Thornber, 2003] has allowed us to witness the dynamic changes in the melting process and mantle source composition during a single, long-lasting magmatic event. Extraction and transport of melt through open channels during the Pu'u ' O' o eruption has efficiently transmitted variations of melting in the heterogeneous source to lavas erupted at the surface without significant pooling and homogenization, preserving short-term isotopic and geochemical variations [Pietruszka et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…K ılauea's historical and prehistoric (AD 900-1400) summit lavas reveal rapid and systematic changes in Pb, Sr, Nd, O, and U-series isotope ratios on a time scale of decades to centuries [Garcia et al, 2003Marske et al, 2007;Pietruszka and Garcia, 1999;Pietruszka et al, 2001]. The Pu'u ' O' o eruption (sampled from hourly to monthly) shows compositional change over hours (in rare cases) for major elements to a few years for isotope ratios [Garcia et al, 2000;Marske et al, 2008]. The long duration and vigorous activity ($0.35 Â 10 6 m 3 of lava erupted daily) of Pu'u ' O' o [e.g., Sutton et al, 2003] provides a rare opportunity to look beyond the shallow-level crustal processes associated with the short eruptions (days to weeks) that typify many active basaltic volcanoes (e.g., Mauna Loa, Etna, Piton de la Fournaise, Karthala, Grimsvötn) and into the mantle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Geochemical Variations in Lavas from Kīlauea's Pu'u ‘Ō'ō Eruption (1983-2010): Cyclic Variations from Melting of Source Heterogeneities

Greene

Garcia

Pietruszka

et al. 2013

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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[1] Geochemical time series analysis of lavas from K ılauea's ongoing Pu'u ' O' o eruption chronicle mantle and crustal processes during a single, prolonged (1983 to present) magmatic event, which has shown nearly two-fold variation in lava effusion rates. Here we present an update of our ongoing monitoring of the geochemical variations of Pu'u ' O' o lavas for the entire eruption through 2010. Oxygen isotope measurements on Pu'u ' O' o lavas show a remarkable range ( 18 O values of 4.6-5.6%), which are interpreted to reflect moderate levels of oxygen isotope exchange with or crustal contamination by hydrothermally altered K ılauea lavas, probably in the shallow reservoir under the Pu'u ' O' o vent. This process has not measurably affected ratios of radiogenic isotope or incompatible trace elements, which are thought to vary due to mantle-derived changes in the composition of the parental magma delivered to the volcano. High-precision Pb and Sr isotopic measurements were performed on lavas erupted at $6 month intervals since 1983 to provide insights about melting dynamics and the compositional structure of the Hawaiian plume. The new results show systematic variations of Pb and Sr isotope ratios that continued the long-term compositional trend for K ılauea until $1990. Afterward, Pb isotope ratios show two cycles with $10 year periods, whereas the Sr isotope ratios continued to increase until $2003 and then shifted toward slightly less radiogenic values. The short-term periodicity of Pb isotope ratios may reflect melt extraction from mantle with a fine-scale pattern of repeating source heterogeneities or strands, which are about 1-3 km in diameter. Over the last 30 years, Pu'u ' O' o lavas show 15% and 25% of the

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“…1-18) and the Fo content in a large number of olivines is low for the bulk MgO composition of the host ( Fig. 1-7) (Garcia et al, 2003;Marske et al, 2008). Olivine addition is also characterized by a linear array of the whole-rock data on plot of Ni versus MgO ( Fig.…”

Section: Addition and Deformation Of Olivinementioning

confidence: 97%

Mécanismes de solidification des magmas basaltiques :

Vinet¹

2010

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PAR NICOLAS VINET MÉCANISMES DE SOLIDIFICATION DES MAGMAS BASALTIQUES : ÉTUDE QUANTITATIVE TEXTURALE ET GEOCHIMIQUE DES LAVES DU VOLCAN KILAUEA, HAWAII NOVEMBRE 2010 11 RÉSUMÉLe volcan Kilauea, Hawaii, est probablement le système magmatique basaltique actif le plus étudié sur Terre, et représente donc un site privilégié pour l'étude des processus de solidification basaltique en milieu naturel. Une meilleure compréhension de la solidification magmatique est d'importance majeure dans le raffinement de modèles expliquant le dynamisme des chambres magmatiques, et son étude détaillée est susceptible de grandement améliorer notre connaissance de l'évolution globale des systèmes magmatiques. Dans ce contexte volcanique, les lacs de lave offrent une rare opportunité d'étudier directement la solidification magmatique et peuvent être considérés, en première approximation, comme des analogues superficiels de petites chambres magmatiques.Le but premier de ce doctorat est de déterminer et quantifier les principaux processus de solidification magmatiques à l'oeuvre dans la genèse des basaltes tholéiitiques. Ce travail s'articule autour du minéral olivine comme composant central. Dans les deux premiers chapitres, l'approche est double, texture et géochimie, mais l'emphase porte sur l'aspect textural dont l'analyse de la distribution de la taille des cristaux (CSD) est la composante phare. Ce travail a été réalisé sur les laves produites par les éruptions de 1969 (Mauna Ulu) et 1959 du volcan Kilauea. L'étude des coulées de lave produites par l'éruption du Mauna Ulu permet de mieux comprendre les processus actifs de solidification dans tout le système magmatique superficiel (la "tuyauterie") de l'édifice. L'étude du lac de lave Kilauea Iki renseigne quant à elle sur la solidification en système semi-fermé en sub-surface. Dans un dernier temps, il est question d'évaluer plus en détail l'influence de la déformation magmatique sur la structure interne des divines, et de la quantifier, en utilisant une technique in situ récente de micro-diffraction des rayons X. Chacun des trois chapitres de cette thèse est un article publié ou destiné à la publication dans une revue scientifique internationale.L'article 1 présente les résultats en éléments majeurs et traces (roche totale), les compositions de l'olivine, et les CSDs de 11 échantillons de laves du Mauna Ulu. Les variations chimiques en roche totale sont interprétées comme étant partiellement produites par addition d'olivine dans le système magmatique. Les profiles CSD suggèrent qu'au moins deux populations d'olivines interviennent : (1) une population d'âges 3-40 ans, caractérisée par une faible densité de "gros" cristaux et des pentes CSD relativement faibles ; et (2) une population d'âges 1,5-15 ans, marquée par une forte densité de petits cristaux et des pentes CSD plus fortes. La gamme de compositions de l'olivine suggère que ces cristaux se sont formés à partir de magmas différents, probablement reliés par crystallisation fractionnée. La présence d'olivines déformées de toutes ...

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Geochemical Variations during Kilauea's Pu'u 'O'o Eruption Reveal a Fine-scale Mixture of Mantle Heterogeneities within the Hawaiian Plume

Cited by 44 publications

References 72 publications

On some fundamentals of igneous petrology

On some fundamentals of igneous petrology

Temporal Geochemical Variations in Lavas from Kīlauea's Pu'u ‘Ō'ō Eruption (1983-2010): Cyclic Variations from Melting of Source Heterogeneities

Mécanismes de solidification des magmas basaltiques :

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