Geochemical wolframite fingerprinting – the likelihood ratio approach for laser ablation ICP-MS data

Martyna, Agnieszka; Gäbler, Hans-Eike; Bahr, Andreas; Zadora, Grzegorz

doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1007-9

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…ICP‐MS has been regarded as one of the leading techniques in the field of elemental analysis, focusing on the determination of ultra‐trace levels of metals and metalloids in a large variety of sample types [144–151]. This technique has been also applied to the quantitative measurement of metal‐containing PEGylated pharmaceuticals or nanoparticles [152–160].…”

Section: Bioanalytical Methods For Polyethylene Glycols and Pegylatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

Zhang

Song

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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Polyethylene glycols are synthetic polymers composed of repeating oxyethylene subunits, which have been known for non-toxic, non-immunogenic, non-antigenic, good solubility in water and therefore approved for pharmaceutical applications. Recently, attachment or amalgamation of polyethylene glycols to therapeutic small molecules, peptides, proteins, or nanoparticles has become a mature technology for the sake of improving their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profiles, also referred to as PEGylation. By comparison, there are only a few PEGylated pharmaceuticals have been registered for further clinical trials and even less was approved for marketing. High failure rate of PEGylated pharmaceuticals in pre-clinical and clinical trials could be majorly attributed to their unclear pharmacokinetic behaviors. Therefore, the in vivo fate of the PEGylated pharmaceuticals for the various routes of administration needs to be thoroughly investigated An accurate in vivo pharmacological study thereof highly depends on the precise detection of polyethylene glycols as well as their fragments in biological matrixes. The goal of this review is to highlight the analytical methods that were developed and applied to evaluate the polyethylene glycols in pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients, which bring us closer to bridging

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Section: Bioanalytical Methods For Polyethylene Glycols and Pegylatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

Zhang

Song

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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“…The second one is based on the likelihood ratio concept. Both approaches have been used for the AFP of wolframite [21,22].…”

Section: Data Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical tools that provide information on the origin of minerals or raw materials have been developed for different materials such as gem stones [9][10][11][12], gold [13,14], yellow cake [15] or base metals [16] amongst others. For several years, the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has developed a tool called the analytical fingerprint (AFP), which aims to check independently whether the declared origin of a coltan, cassiterite or wolframite shipment is credible or not [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Here, special attention is given to ores mined and traded in the Great Lakes region in Central Africa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the development of analytical methods to obtain data for AFP, the data evaluation step is of particular importance. The data of an ore concentrate are multivariate, not normally-distributed and due to the process of mining, the samples cannot be regarded as representative aliquots of a common population (e.g., geological formation) [21,22]. This has to be kept in mind when data evaluation concepts are developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has to be kept in mind when data evaluation concepts are developed. Two different data evaluation concepts have been proposed and evaluated for wolframite, namely the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance (KS-D) approach [21] and the likelihood ratio approach [22]. This study expands the application of both concepts to the commodities coltan and cassiterite, presents performance investigations and illustrates both concepts by two case studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Data Evaluation for Cassiterite and Coltan Fingerprinting

2020

Self Cite

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Within due diligence concepts for raw material supply chains, the traceability of a shipment is a major aspect that has to be taken into account. Cassiterite and coltan are two so-called conflict minerals for which traceability systems have been established. To provide additional credibility to document-based traceability systems the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has developed the analytical fingerprint (AFP) for the minerals coltan, cassiterite, and wolframite. AFP is based on the analysis of a sample from a shipment with a declared origin and evaluates whether the declared origin is plausible or not. This is done by comparison to reference samples previously taken at the declared mine site. In addition to the generation of the analytical data, the data evaluation step, with the aim to state whether the declared origin is plausible or not, is of special importance. Two data evaluation approaches named “Kolmogorov–Smirnov distance (KS-D) approach” and “areas ratio approach” are applied to coltan and cassiterite and result in very low rates of false negative results, which is desired for AFP. The areas ratio approach based on hypothesis testing and a more sophisticated evaluation of the multivariate data structure has some advantages in terms of producing lower rates of false positive results compared to the KS-D approach.

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Recent Chemometric Opportunities in Criminalistics

Thanni¹,

Sah²,

Harrington³

2021

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Recently, the growing applicability of chemometrics in various areas of civil and criminal investigations has been instrumental in resolving complex cases. As criminals become more inventive and measurement methods become more prevalent with onsite analysis and more sophisticated with increases in resolution and sensitivity, forensic analysts should be equipped with tools for advancing their laboratory analysis and investigations. The traditional mode of data analysis in criminalistics will not suffice for complex crime lab investigations, hence the need for the understanding and application of the statistical and chemometric tools is indispensable. Accurate interpretation of forensic evidence is critical for achieving justice. The use of chemometrics helps the analyst from designing effective and efficient experiments to the presentation of compelling evidence to the courts. This article highlights the most recent application of chemometrics in different forensic science areas and shows how pivotal statistical tools are to answering consequential questions in criminal investigations.

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Geochemical wolframite fingerprinting – the likelihood ratio approach for laser ablation ICP-MS data

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

Recent advances in the bioanalytical methods of polyethylene glycols and PEGylated pharmaceuticals

Data Evaluation for Cassiterite and Coltan Fingerprinting

Recent Chemometric Opportunities in Criminalistics

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