Geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin, USA: Assessing potential effects of shale-oil production on groundwater quality

McMahon, Peter B.; Galloway, Joel M.; Hunt, Andrew G.; Belitz, Kenneth; Jurgens, Bryant C.; Johnson, Tyler D.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104833

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Additionally, naturally occurring radioactive material, including radium and uranium, has been detected at several locations [6,7]. Along with these minerals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including xylenes, benzene, and toluene [8][9][10]; total petroleum hydrocarbons [11]; and other organic compounds contribute to the incredibly complex composition of PW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Bacteriophages to Treat Resilient Bacteria Found in Produced Water

Sanchez-Rosario,

Garcia,

Rodriguez

et al. 2024

Water

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Numerous treatment modalities have been employed over the years to eradicate bacterial communities in industrial wastewater. Oxidizing agents and chemical additives, such as ozone, permanganate, glutaraldehyde, and chlorine, are effective in treating microbial contaminants that are typically found in domestic wastewater. However, the chemical complexity of water produced from fracking requires novel approaches, because the microbes have developed mechanisms to overcome typical disinfectants. In this work, we test the effectiveness of bacteriophages for the eradication of two model bacteria from produced water: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium. These bacteria were grown in low salinity produced water and exposed to their corresponding phage. Overall, the total inactivation of the P. aeruginosa population was achieved, as well as the inactivation of B. megaterium. These promising results provide a potentially useful tool for bacterial elimination in overall PW treatment, at an industrial scale. Particularly, since phage treatment is a rapid and cost-effective alternative. Moreover, these results fall within the objectives proposed as part of the sustainable development goals adopted worldwide.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Bacteriophages to Treat Resilient Bacteria Found in Produced Water

Sanchez-Rosario,

Garcia,

Rodriguez

et al. 2024

Water

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“…The unique characteristics make non-traditional stable isotopes susceptible to fractionation in various physical-chemical processes (e.g., redox reactions, diffusion, evaporation, and condensation) and biological processes (Johnson et al 2004;Richter et al 2009;Teng et al 2017). The non-traditional isotopes have been applied in the studies of groundwater pollution by identifying the sources of solute (Briand et al 2017;Castorina et al 2013;Ellis et al 2002;Jackson et al 2010;Khaska et al 2013;Nigro et al 2017;Novak et al 2014;Kaown et al 2013;Ransom et al 2016;Vengosh et al 2005), including formation watercontaminated shallow groundwater environments in oil and gas extraction fields (Bondu et al 2021;Cao et al 2020;Darrah et al 2014;Harkness et al 2017;Huang et al 2020;McIntosh et al 2019;McMahon et al 2021;Whyte et al 2021;Warner et al 2012;Zheng et al 2017). In addition, the unique chemical properties of non-traditional stable isotopes are often utilized to track geochemical events and processes (Teng et al 2019), including magmatic mineralization, geochemical circulation of crust and mantle, and continental weathering (Barnes et al 2008;Bernal et al 2014;Chiaradia et al 2014;Henchiri et al 2014;John et al 2010;Millot et al 2010a;Rizzo et al 2013;Rudnick et al 2004;Teng et al 2006Teng et al , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cl, Br, B, Li, and noble gases isotopes to study the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in sedimentary basins: a review

et al. 2022

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Deep groundwater characteristics provide valuable information on oil and gas extraction and evolution of hydrosphere, and nonmetallic and metallic elements in deep groundwater are raising industrial interest. There is therefore a need for a better understanding of the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in large sedimentary basins, e.g., by using non-traditional isotopes. Here, we review the constraints of isotopes of chloride (Cl), bromine (Br), boron (B), lithium (Li), helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) on the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in large sedimentary basins. In deep groundwater, δ 37 Cl ranges from −1.96 to + 2.07‰, δ 81 Br from −1.50 to + 3.35‰, δ 11 B from + 1.10 to + 39.99‰, and δ 7 Li from −1.00 to + 31.80‰. These values either overlap or are different compared to those in freshwater, e.g., meteoric water, river water and shallow groundwater, hydrothermal fluid, seawater, subsurface brine, lake sediment, or mineral. Noble gas isotopes such as 3 He/ 4 He, 4 He/ 20 Ne, and 36 Ar/ 40 Ar are also effective tracers for deep groundwater evolution. Integrating multiple nontraditional isotopes allows to study dissolution, sedimentation, evaporation, and mixing of different waters in deep aquifers.

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“…Many producing formations or basins across the continental USA produce waters that have been previously well characterized, such as the Appalachian Basin (Blondes et al, 2020;McDevitt et al, 2020;Osborn et al, 2012;Tasker et al, 2020), the Permian Basin (Engle et al, 2016;Nicot et al, 2020), the Denver Basin (Rosenblum et al, 2017), the Williston Basin (Iampen & Rostron, 2000;McMahon et al, 2020;Varonka et al, 2020), and the Gulf Coast (Engle et al, 2020;McIntosh et al, 2010;Nicot et al, 2018). Although these regions produce waters that are geochemically well understood, few studies have analyzed trends in produced water chemistry across multiple basins or the continental USA (Birkle et al, 2019;Kharaka et al, 2019;Scanlon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Can Assign Geologic Basin to Produced Water Samples Using Major Ion Geochemistry

et al. 2021

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Understanding the geochemistry of waters produced during petroleum extraction is essential to informing the best treatment and reuse options, which can potentially be optimized for a given geologic basin. Here, we used the US Geological Survey’s National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (PWGD) to determine if major ion chemistry could be used to classify accurately a produced water sample to a given geologic basin based on similarities to a given training dataset. Two datasets were derived from the PWGD: one with seven features but more samples (PWGD7), and another with nine features but fewer samples (PWGD9). The seven-feature dataset, prior to randomly generating a training and testing (i.e., validation) dataset, had 58,541 samples, 20 basins, and was classified based on total dissolved solids (TDS), bicarbonate (HCO3), Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, and sulfate (SO4). The nine-feature dataset, prior to randomly splitting into a training and testing (i.e., validation) dataset, contained 33,271 samples, 19 basins, and was classified based on TDS, HCO3, Ca, Na, Cl, Mg, SO4, pH, and specific gravity. Three supervised machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Naïve Bayes—were used to develop multi-class classification models to predict a basin of origin for produced waters using major ion chemistry. After training, the models were tested on three different datasets: Validation7, Validation9, and one based on data absent from the PWGD. Prediction accuracies across the models ranged from 23.5 to 73.5% when tested on the two PWGD-based datasets. A model using the Random Forest algorithm predicted most accurately compared to all other models tested. The models generally predicted basin of origin more accurately on the PWGD7-based dataset than on the PWGD9-based dataset. An additional dataset, which contained data not in the PWGD, was used to test the most accurate model; results suggest that some basins may lack geochemical diversity or may not be well described, while others may be geochemically diverse or are well described. A compelling result of this work is that a produced water basin of origin can be determined using major ions alone and, therefore, deep basinal fluid compositions may not be as variable within a given basin as previously thought. Applications include predicting the geochemistry of produced fluid prior to drilling at different intervals and assigning historical produced water data to a producing basin.

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Geochemistry and age of groundwater in the Williston Basin, USA: Assessing potential effects of shale-oil production on groundwater quality

Cited by 12 publications

References 83 publications

Using Bacteriophages to Treat Resilient Bacteria Found in Produced Water

Using Bacteriophages to Treat Resilient Bacteria Found in Produced Water

Cl, Br, B, Li, and noble gases isotopes to study the origin and evolution of deep groundwater in sedimentary basins: a review

Machine Learning Can Assign Geologic Basin to Produced Water Samples Using Major Ion Geochemistry

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