Geochemistry and mineralogy of REY-rich mud in the eastern Indian Ocean

Yasukawa, Kazutaka; Liu, Hanjie; Fujinaga, Koichiro; Machida, Shiki; Haraguchi, Satoru; Ishii, Teruaki; Nakamura, Kozo; Kato, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.07.005

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Following the findings of REY-rich mud in the eastern South Pacific and central North Pacific Ocean (Kato et al, 2011), a REY-rich mud layer was also reported in the eastern Indian Ocean, and that enrichment of REY in this area is controlled by the sedimentation rate (Yasukawa et al, 2014(Yasukawa et al, , 2015. In the present issue, Iijima et al (2016) report the discovery of deep-sea mud extremely enriched in REY around the Minamitorishima Island in the western North Pacific.…”

Section: Utilized On-boardsupporting

confidence: 70%

Preface: Front edge of submarine mineral resources research in Japan (Part 2)

et al. 2016

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Section: Utilized On-boardsupporting

confidence: 70%

Preface: Front edge of submarine mineral resources research in Japan (Part 2)

et al. 2016

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“…In the two-dimensional IC space spanned by IC1 and IC4 ( Fig. 2e ), the samples showing very high REY concentrations (ΣREY + Ce > 1,000 ppm), generally zeolitic clay or pelagic red clay in lithology 2 3 4 , were distributed in the positive domains of each IC. For IC1, the reference data of both biogenic calcium phosphate (Ca-phosphate) and Fe–Mn oxides such as ferromanganese crusts and nodules were projected in the same domain as the high-IC1 REY-rich mud samples ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a very rapid increase in future global demand for REY is expected 1 . Previous reports have demonstrated the widespread distribution of REY-rich mud, or deep-sea sediments containing high concentrations of REY, in the Pacific 2 and Indian oceans 3 4 . Because these sediments have potential economic value as a favourable source of REY, understanding the global distribution of REY-rich mud has become an important issue.…”

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Tracking the spatiotemporal variations of statistically independent components involving enrichment of rare-earth elements in deep-sea sediments

Yasukawa

Nakamura

Fujinaga

et al. 2016

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Deep-sea sediments have attracted much attention as a promising resource for rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY). In this study, we show statistically independent components characterising REY-enrichment in the abyssal ocean that are decoded by Independent Component Analysis of a multi-elemental dataset of 3,968 bulk sediment samples from 101 sites in the Pacific and Indian oceans. This study for the first time reconstructs the spatiotemporal variations of the geochemical signatures, including hydrothermal, hydrogenous, and biogenic calcium phosphate components that were closely involved in the formation of REY-rich mud over the past 65 million years. An underlying key factor of significant REY-enrichment is a sufficiently low sedimentation rate that enables the mud to accumulate REY from seawater. In the early Cenozoic, a remarkably small supply of aeolian dust, compared with any other time and region, facilitated the deposition of very high-grade REY-rich mud in the South Pacific. This indicates an important link between the genesis of the seafloor mineral resources and Earth’s dynamic phenomena such as climate change and plate tectonics.

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“…The residue was dissolved with 4 mL of HNO 3 and 1 mL of HCl, and the solution was diluted to 1:4000 by mass. More details of the ICP-MS analytical procedures are given elsewhere (Kato et al, 2005(Kato et al, , 2011Yasukawa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry of REY-rich mud in the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone around Minamitorishima Island

et al. 2016

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We report detailed lithological and chemical characteristics of deep-sea sediments, including rare-earth elements and yttrium-rich mud (REY-rich mud), in the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) around Minamitorishima Island. Three research cruises obtained fourteen sediment cores collected by piston coring. Based on the visual descriptions and geochemical analysis of the sediment cores, we confirm the presence of REY-rich mud containing more than 400 ppm total REY (ÂREY) in the southern and northwestern areas of the Minamitorishima EEZ. The REY-rich mud layers are characterized by abundant grains of phillipsite, biogenic calcium phosphate, and manganese oxides, and are widely distributed in relatively shallow depths beneath the seafloor. In contrast, relatively thick, non-REY-rich mud lies near the seafloor in the northern areas of the EEZ. In the three cores from the southern part of the EEZ, we also confirm the presence of highly/extremely REY-rich mud layers. Further accumulation of geochemical data from the sediments will be required to constrain the extent of the highly/extremely REY-rich mud layers.

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Geochemistry and mineralogy of REY-rich mud in the eastern Indian Ocean

Cited by 95 publications

References 59 publications

Preface: Front edge of submarine mineral resources research in Japan (Part 2)

Preface: Front edge of submarine mineral resources research in Japan (Part 2)

Tracking the spatiotemporal variations of statistically independent components involving enrichment of rare-earth elements in deep-sea sediments

Geochemistry of REY-rich mud in the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone around Minamitorishima Island

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