Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Oligocene volcaniclastic rocks from the Chagai arc: implications for the emplacement of porphyry copper deposits

Siddiqui, Rehanul Haq; Khan, Muhammad Asif; Jan, Muhammad Qasim; Kakar, Muhammad Ishaq; Kerr, Andrew C.

doi:10.1007/s12517-015-1815-6

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This metallogenic belt is formed due to the closed of Paleo-Tethys ocean in the southern part of Laurasia during late Triassic to early Jurassic (Richards, 2015). The eastern part of the Chagai magmatic arc is terminated by the Chaman transform fault system and the western part of the arc is terminated by the Harirud transform zone (Hunting Survey Corp., 1960;Arthurton et al, 1979Arthurton et al, , 1982Farah et al, 1984;Siddiqui, 1996Siddiqui, , 2004Siddiqui, , 2007Perelló et al, 2008). Chagai magmatic arc formed as a result of the Arabian oceanic plate northward subduction under the Afghan continental block's southern part.…”

Section: Geology Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miocene porphyry deposits have been recognized in the Chagai magmatic arc which are commonly hosted within the Oligocene to Miocene episode of calcalkaline types of magmatism in the diorite to granodiorite stocks (Sillitoe, 1978;Siddiqui and Khan, 1986;Siddiqui, 1996, Perelló et al, 2008Razique et al, 2014). Major prospects of porphyry deposits in Chagai magmatic arc include the Reko Diq and Saindak deposits and other small prospects of Dasht-e-Kain, Zairat Pir Sultan, and Missi (Siddiqui et al, 2015). Hydrothermal alteration is mainly associated within the porphyry deposits throughout the world and represents the significant mechanism for identifying mineralization of porphyry copper deposits (Lowell and Guilbert, 1970).…”

Section: Hydrothermal Alteration In Cmbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In western Pacific and south-east Asia, multiple porphyry deposits belong to the Cenozoic magmatic arc formed due to the subduction of oceanic plates beneath the continental crust (Garwin and Others 2005). The Oligocene to Miocene Reko Diq and Saindak porphyry deposits occur in the Chagai magmatic arc in western part of Pakistan, formed due to northward subduction of the Arabian plate under the Afghan microcontinental plate (Siddiqui and Jan 2007;Perelló et al, 2008;Richards et al, 2012;Razique et al, 2014;Siddiqui et al, 2015). Late Triassic Zhongdian porphyry deposit located in the Zhongdian region in the northwest of Yunnan province in China forms the southern part of late Triassic Yidun arc, formed due to the westward subduction of Ganzi-Litang division of Paleo-Tethys ocean (Hou, 1993;Mo et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous authors have discussed the tectonics, geochemistry, geochronology, mineralogy, and petrology during the last thirty to forty years. (Hunting Survey Corp, 1960;Ahmed et al, 1972Ahmed et al, , 1984Ahmed et al, , 1992Dykstra, 1978;Arthurton, 1979;Britzman, 1979;Schmidt, 1980;Khan, 1986;Siddiqui, 1996Siddiqui, , 2004Siddiqui, , 2005Siddiqui, , 2007Siddiqui, , 2009Siddiqui, , 2010Siddiqui, , 2012Siddiqui, , 2015. Furthermore, published work on the porphyry deposits in the Chagai magmatic arc is very limited (Sillitoe and Khan, 1977;Rowen et al, 2006;Perelló et al, 2008;Razique et al, 2014;Mastoi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Alteration and Mineralization Characteristics of Miocene Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits of Chagai Magmatic Belt, District Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan

Murad

Ghaffar

Ullah

et al. 2021

IJEEG

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Subduction related Miocene porphyry type deposits are found in the east-west trending Chagai magmatic belt (CMB) in Pakistan's western margin, Balochistan. This arc exists on the west segment of the Tethyan metallogenic belt in the south-west of Pakistan. Tethyan metallogenic belt is widely spread over 12,000 km from east to west direction from Indochina, Tibet, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey and Alpine mountain range in Europe. During the last thirty to forty years several porphyry deposits have been reported in the Chagai magmatic arc, including the very large Reko Diq H14-H15, large Saindak, Tanjeel, H35, H8 and medium Dasht-e-Kain porphyry deposits and many small porphyry copper deposits. These porphyry deposits were developed within the phase of calc-alkaline type magmatism in the Chagai arc. Tonalite, quartz diorite, and monzonite host the porphyry deposits within the adjacent sedimentary wall rock units of Sinjrani Volcanic Group, Juzzak, Saindak, and Amalaf Formations. The concentric zonal pattern of hydrothermal alteration in these porphyry deposits of the Chagai magmatic arc follows the world's major porphyry deposits' alteration pattern. Zones of hydrothermal alteration from distal to proximal part includesa potassic alteration, sericitic-clay-chlorite alteration, sericitic alteration, argillic alteration and propylitic alteration. Major ore mineralization in these deposits is of copper, gold, silver, molybdenum, and minor constituents of other base metals that have been reported to occur within hydrothermal alteration zones in the Miocene porphyry Chagai magmatic arc

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Section: Geology Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Alteration In Cmbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Alteration and Mineralization Characteristics of Miocene Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits of Chagai Magmatic Belt, District Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan

Murad

Ghaffar

Ullah

et al. 2021

IJEEG

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“…However, they were not considered to have supplied ash to the Quaternary bentonite occurrences in Kashmir basin and Potwar plateau because of the more aerial distance of Chagai arc than Dacht-e-Nawar complex (Johnson et al, 1982). The initial Cretaceous to Paleocene volcanism in Chagai arc is tholeiitic, and from the Eocene onwards, it becomes calc-alkaline in nature (Siddiqui et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of a Likely Tuff Bed between the Middle and Upper Siwaliks, Taunsa area, Dera Ghazi Khan, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan

Ullah

Fengjuin

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJEEG

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A likely tuff bed lies along the gradational contact of the Middle and Upper Siwaliks in eastern Sulaiman Range, Taunsa area of Dera Ghazi Khan district, Pakistan. This tuffaceous unit is 0.5–3 m thick and extends for 10 km along the north-south strike in the eastern limb of the Zindapir anticline. It is greyish white to white on fresh surface, fine-grained to silty at the bottom and clayey at the top and thus shows a fining upward grain-size grading. The lower part of the ash bed shows a prominent lamination defined by megascopically visible abundant biotite, while the central and upper parts are so fine-grained that the individual minerals cannot be seen in hand sample. Unlike the lower well-laminated part, the central and upper parts are crudely laminated to apparently massive. The bulk samples analysed with X-ray diffraction consist of quartz, feldspar (plagioclase), biotite, clays, calcite and some ore mineral likely spinel, while the clay-size fractions contain illite, chlorite, biotite and probably their mixed-layered varieties. The colour, texture, presence of abundant biotite and stratigraphic position of the Taunsa tuff correlate with those reported from Potwar plateau and from Kashmir basin. However, the apparent absence of smectite from the XRD pattern makes the Taunsa ash bed different from both Potwar and Kashmir tuffs. The present stratigraphic position of the tuff bed corresponds to shallow diagenetic zone, while the absence of smectite in the tuff and crystallinity of illite suggest that the tuff is probably derived upon reworking from a deeper diagenetic zone belonging to a lower stratigraphic level. The Eocene or other older pre-Siwalik units in Pakistan may have or had some primary ashfall deposits as reported in the northwestern Himalayas of India. This older volcanic ash may have been reworked to its present site of occurrence along the gradational contact of the Middle and the Upper Siwaliks in Taunsa area of Dera Ghazi Khan. However, the primary source of the Taunsa tuff may belong more likely to Chagai arc in Pakistan than to Dacht-e-Nawar volcanic complex in Afghanistan.

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Zangalou Manto‐type deposit in the Sabzevar zone, northeast Iran: Evidence of mineralogy, geochemistry,U–Pbdating, fluid inclusion, and stable isotopes

et al. 2022

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The Zangalou Cu deposit lies in the Sabzevar volcanic-plutonic zone, northeastern Iran. The deposit is hosted by the middle Eocene volcanic-sedimentary sequences and it has been affected by propylitic, carbonate, sericitic, and minor argillic alterations. The volcanics have features typical of calc-alkaline and metaluminous magmas and are plotted in the continental volcanic arc region. Zircon U-Pb dating of the andesite porphyry yield ages of 41.2 and 38.4 Ma (Bartonian). Ore mineralization occurs as stratabound with open-space filling, dissemination, veinlet, and replacement textures in mineralized conglomerate, andesite porphyry, and trachyandesite host rocks. Cu content in Zangalou deposit vary from 1,234 g/t to 6.24% which mostly occurred as chalcocite mineral. Fluid inclusion data of mineralization-related calcites indicate medium salinities (12.8-16.6 wt.% NaCl equivalents) and a wide range of temperatures (154-295 C) and show evidence of fluid cooling trend during the ore formation. The δ 13 C (between 19.3 and À2.8‰) and δ 18 O SMOW (between 24.8 and 25.34‰) values of ore-related calcites suggests a contribution of sedimentary organic matter and marine carbonates as the source of carbon in the ore-forming fluid. High positive δ 34 S values (27.8-33.47‰) suggest that the source of sulphur is related to sedimentary country rocks. Mineralization is lithologically and structurally controlled and it is epigenetic. According to geological, petrological, alteration, mineralization textures and geometry of deposit, fluid inclusion, and isotopic studies, the Zangalou deposit is similar to manto-type deposits.

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Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Oligocene volcaniclastic rocks from the Chagai arc: implications for the emplacement of porphyry copper deposits

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

The Alteration and Mineralization Characteristics of Miocene Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits of Chagai Magmatic Belt, District Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan

The Alteration and Mineralization Characteristics of Miocene Porphyry Cu-Au Deposits of Chagai Magmatic Belt, District Chagai, Balochistan, Pakistan

Occurrence of a Likely Tuff Bed between the Middle and Upper Siwaliks, Taunsa area, Dera Ghazi Khan, Eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan

Zangalou Manto‐type deposit in the Sabzevar zone, northeast Iran: Evidence of mineralogy, geochemistry,U–Pbdating, fluid inclusion, and stable isotopes

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