Geochemistry of Precambrian carbonates: II. Archean greenstone belts and Archean sea water

Veizer, Ján; Hoefs, Jochen; Lowe, Donald R.; Thurston, P. C.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(89)90031-8

Cited by 193 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, acid-clay catalyzed reactions are unlikely to have resulted in the formation the PGC archaeal lipid diastereomers. The Hoyle and Owl Creek mines were hydrothermally active (Phillips, 1986;Roberts, 1987;Kerrich et al, 1987, Veizer, 1989, Brisban, 1997Kerrich and Ludden, 2000). Illite, which later altered to mica and albite during greenschist metamorphism (Davies and Whitehead, 1993) is a weak Bronsted and Lewis acid (Tannenbaum et al, 1986) and its catalyzing activity is suppressed in the presence of water (Goldstein, 1983;Tannenbaum and Kaplan, 1985;Seewald, 2003).…”

Section: Isomerization Of Type II Ucm Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)

Ventura

Kenig

Reddy

et al. 2008

Organic Geochemistry

116

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Hydrocarbon mixtures too complex to resolve by traditional capillary gas chromatrography display gas chromatograms with dramatically rising baselines or "humps" of coeluting compounds that are termed unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs). Because the constituents of UCMs are not ordinarily identified, a large amount of geochemical information is never explored. Gas chromatograms of saturated/unsaturated hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean argillites and greywackes of the southern Abitibi Province of Ontario, Canada contain UCMs with different appearances or "topologies" relating to the intensity and retention time of the compounds comprising the UCMs. These topologies appear to have some level of stratigraphic organization, such that samples collected at any stratigraphic formation collectively are dominated by UCMs that either elute early-(within a window of C 15 -C 20 of n-alkanes), earlyto mid-(C 15 -C 30 of n-alkanes), or have a broad UCM that extends through the entire retention time of the sample (from C 15 -C 42 of n-alkanes). Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) was used to resolve the constituents forming these various UCMs. Early-to mid-eluting UCMs are dominated by configurational isomers of alkyl-substituted and non substituted polycyclic compounds that contain up to six rings. Late eluting UCMs are composed of C 36 -C 40 mono-, bi-, and tricyclic archaeal isoprenoid diastereomers. Broad UCMs spanning the retention time of compound elution contain nearly the same compounds observed in the early-, mid-, and late retention time UCMs. Although the origin of the polycyclic compounds is unclear, the variations in the UCM topology appear to depend on the concentration of initial compound classes that have the potential to become isomerized. Isomerization of these constituents may have resulted from hydrothermal alteration of organic matter.

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Section: Isomerization Of Type II Ucm Constituentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)

Ventura

Kenig

Reddy

et al. 2008

Organic Geochemistry

116

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“…In addition, the carbonate mineral in these greenstone belts mainly contains ferroan dolomite and siderite of hydrothermal origin (Veizer et al, 1989b). Therefore, we conclude that carbonate minerals in sedimentary rock were originally rare and mostly hydrothermal in origin, and these phenomena were extended to the global scale in the Early Archean.…”

Section: Rare Occurrence Of Carbonate Minerals In Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The question arises when the carbonate precipitation changed from the Early Archean style to modern one. Veizer et al (1989b) suggested that the carbonate mineral distributed in the greenstone belts of 3.5-3.0 Ga contained larger ferroan dolomitic and sideritic components of hydrothermal origin, although Late Archean carbonates were dominated by calcite and vol. 52, no.…”

Section: Carbonate Precipitation On the Early Archean Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonate Minerals in the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton: Implications for Continental Crust, Life, and Global Carbon Cycle in the Early Archean

Nakamura¹,

Kato²

2002

Resource Geology

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Abstract:The occurrences of the Early Archean carbonate minerals are compiled and their precipitation processes are investigated for the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton. Sedimentary carbonate rocks such as limestone and dolostone are very rare, and only a small amount of sedimentary carbonate minerals are sometimes contained in the hydrothermal bedded chert, implying that a sink of CO 2 was minor in the Early Archean sediments. Moreover, it is very likely that the activity of cyanobacteria forming stromatolites was considerably low in the Early Archean. Microfossils and carbonaceous matter in the hydrothermal cherts are probably derived from a non-photosynthetic microorganisms related to the seafloor hydrothermal activity. Their preservation in sediments may play a very minor role in carbon sink of the Earth's surface.On the other hand, carbonatized volcanic rocks subjected to seafloor hydrothermal alteration occur ubiquitously in the Early Archean greenstone belts such as the Warrawoona Group, suggesting that the hydrothermally altered oceanic crust had large amounts of CO 2 as carbonate minerals. Global carbon cycle in the Early Archean is considered to have been controlled by the intense seafloor hydrothermal alteration. Large amounts of CO 2 were sunk into the oceanic crust by the alteration. The carbonatized oceanic crust was partly accreted to the continents and/or island-arcs, and partly subducted into the mantle without decomposition. Significant amounts of carbonate minerals in the carbonatized oceanic crust were very likely to store in the accretionary prisms and mantle, consequently giving rise to a decrease of atmospheric and oceanic CO 2 .Keywords: hydrothermal, carbonatization, carbonate, carbon dioxide, oceanic crust, stromatolite, global carbon cycle, Early Archean, Warrawoona Group carbonate displaying a stromatolite texture deposited in the ocean (Fig. 2b;Walter and Heys, 1985;Awramik, 1992;Semikhatov and Raaben, 1996). This geological evidence suggests that biological activity of cyanobacteria was mostly responsible for carbonate precipitation in the Proterozoic (Grotzinger and Knoll, 1999;Riding, 2000). In contrast, sedimentary carbonates were much less in the Archean than the Proterozoic and Phanerozoic (Fig. 2a;Ronov, 1964;Veizer et al., 1989a). Although more than 20 of stromatolite occurrences are now known worldwide in the Archean (Martin et al., 1980;Walter, 1983;Beukes and Lowe, 1989), the true fossil record such as a stromatolite texture and microfossils is sparse in the Archean compared to the Proterozoic (Hofmann, 1999). In particular, the occurrences of the stromatolites older than 3.2 Ga are rare ( Fig. 2b; Hofmann, 1999), and the biogenesis of the stromatolite-like textures has been questioned (Walter et al., 1980;Lowe, 1980bLowe, , 1994Lowe, , 1995Buick et al., 1995). It is assured that the carbonate sediment was significantly minor in the Archean. However, several researchers have believed that the carbonate precipitation is essentially the same throughout the Earth's history ...

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“…In contrast, samples plotting below the 1:1 model line in Figure 8, imply that the less radiogenic fluids had higher Sr such as those from grauwackes (Table 2) and the lamprophyre and syenite intrusions ppm Sr) of the Abitibi sub-province (Hattori et al, 1996). The low Sr content and radiogenic strontium isotopic hydrothermal fluid compositions are likely a result from water/rock exchange in the source with Sr-poor (<200 ppm) Archean carbonates (Veizer et al, 1989a). It is notable that the range of Sr content in potential strontium sources is similar to that measured in tourmaline (49 to 935 ppm Sr).…”

Section: Strontium Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fluid mixing in orogenic gold deposits: Evidence from the H-O-Sr isotope composition of the Val-d'Or vein field (Abitibi, Canada)

Beaudoin

Chiaradia

2016

Chemical Geology

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Geochemistry of Precambrian carbonates: II. Archean greenstone belts and Archean sea water

Cited by 193 publications

References 44 publications

Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)

Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from Late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC)

Carbonate Minerals in the Warrawoona Group, Pilbara Craton: Implications for Continental Crust, Life, and Global Carbon Cycle in the Early Archean

Fluid mixing in orogenic gold deposits: Evidence from the H-O-Sr isotope composition of the Val-d'Or vein field (Abitibi, Canada)

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