Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Panzhihua Gabbroic Layered Intrusion and Associated Fe–Ti–V Oxide Deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China

Zhou, Mei‐Fu; Robinson, Paul T.; Lesher, C. Michael; Keays, Reid R.; Zhang, Chengjiang; Malpas, John

doi:10.1093/petrology/egi054

Cited by 408 publications

(271 citation statements)

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“…The ~260 Ma Fe-Ti oxide-bearing layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Panxi region are part of the Emeishan large igneous province (ELIP) [6,11]. The ELIP covers an area of ~2.5×10 5 km 3 between the western part of the Yangtze Block and the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrusions constitute a mineralized zone about 300 km long and 10-30 km wide, which forms the most important metallogenic district for Fe-Ti-V and Ni-Cu-(PGE) metals in China [6,16], including three giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits hosted in the Panzhihua, Hongge, and Baima intrusions, and several Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposits such as the Limahe and Zhubu intrusions (Figure 1). These intrusions are overlain by the Emeishan flood basalt and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks [17].…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Marginal Zone is ~40 m thick and is composed of fine-grained gabbro with abundant xenoliths of marble. The Lower Zone is ~110 m thick and is composed of melagabbro that hosts the main ore body about 60 m thick; the Middle Zone is up to 800 m, composed of gabbro that hosts thin Fe-Ti oxide ore layers and lens-shaped ore bodies; the Upper Zone ranges from 500 to 1500 m in thickness, consisting mainly of barren leucogabbro [6].…”

Section: Panzhihua Intrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Panzhihua intrusion is ~2000 m in thickness 1) , the massive ore body in the basal part of the intrusion is up to 60 m thick, and the banded ores in the upper part have a thickness ranging from 80 to 400 m with an average of 100 m [3] 1) . The origin of these very thick ore bodies remains debated [4][5][6][7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addition of wall rocks, especially CO 2 from the wall rocks, is thought to be one of important controls on the relative timing of magnetite crystallization [8]. Zhou et al [6] proposed that magmas from which the Panzhihua intrusion formed may have interacted with the limestone of the Dengying Formation, so that large amounts of CO 2 -and H 2 O-rich fluids were released from the wall rocks, which may have triggered the formation of an immiscible oxide melt to form thick ore bodies at the base of the intrusion. Pang et al [7] proposed that CO 2 -rich fluids that were released by decarbonatization of the wall rocks may only provide extra oxygen to enhance the oxidization of exsolved ulvöspinel in magnetite into ilmenite.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volatile and C-H-O isotopic compositions of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region and their implications for the sources of volatiles and the origin of Fe-Ti oxide ores

Xing

Wang

Zhang

2012

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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The Panzhihua, Hongge, and Baima Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panzhihua-Xichang (Panxi) region are hosted in large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions. The layered intrusions intrude either the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation, composed mainly of limestone, or the Paleoproterozoic Hekou Formation, composed of meta-sedimentary-volcanic rocks. It remains unclear if the wall rocks have been involved during the fractionation of magmas and have affected the sequence of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxide. Volatiles and their C-H-O isotopic compositions of magnetite, apatite, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase of different types of ores from the three intrusions are analyzed using a technique of stepwise heating mass spectrometer to evaluate the role of wall rocks in the formation of Fe-Ti oxide ores. Volatiles released from magnetite are composed mainly of H 2 O and CO 2 , whereas the other minerals are composed mainly of H 2 O, CO 2 and H 2 . At 800-1200°C temperature interval, the average  13 C values of CO 2 of all the minerals from the three intrusions range from 7.7‰ to 13.5‰ and the average  18 O CO 2 values from 19.1‰ to 19.5‰, which are scattered in a mixed field with basalt and the two types of wall rocks as end-members, indicating that CO 2 from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas from which the three intrusions formed. At 400-800C temperature interval, both  13 C values (13.7‰ to 17.9‰ on the average) and  18 O values (16.2‰ to 19.2‰ on the average) of CO 2 of all the minerals are lower than those for 800-1200C temperature interval, and much closer to the values of the wall rocks. Abundant H 2 O released at the 400-800C temperature interval has relatively low   D values ranging from 90‰ to 115‰, also indicating the involvement of fluids from the wall rocks. The average bulk contents of volatiles released from magnetite of the Hongge, Baima, and Panzhihua intrusions are 4891, 2996, and 1568 mm 3 STP/g, respectively, much higher than those released from other minerals in total, which are 382, 600, and 379 mm 3 STP/g, respectively, indicating that magnetite crystallized from magmas with much more volatiles than other minerals. This can be interpreted as that crystallization of clinopyroxene and plagioclase in the early fractionation of magmas resulted in volatiles such as H 2 O that were eventually enriched in the residual magmas and, at the same time, fluids from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas and were trapped in magnetite, which crystallized later than clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Three giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi (Panzhihua-Xichang) region, SW China, are hosted in the Panzhihua, Hongge, and Baima layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions. These intrusions are unique in that large amounts of massive and semi-massive ores occur in the lower parts of the intrusions, whereas rhythmic layering composed of vari-

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Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Panzhihua Intrusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volatile and C-H-O isotopic compositions of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region and their implications for the sources of volatiles and the origin of Fe-Ti oxide ores

Xing

Wang

Zhang

2012

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Plume‐orogenic lithosphere interaction recorded in the Haladala layered intrusion in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen, NW China

Huang

et al. 2016

JGR Solid Earth

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The plume‐orogenic lithosphere interaction may be common and important for the generation of large igneous provinces. The information regarding such a process is recorded by the Haladala gabbroic intrusion (~300 Ma), the largest layered ultramafic‐mafic intrusion hosting V‐Ti magnetite deposits in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen, NW China. The Haladala gabbros exhibit unfractionated chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns with negative Nb and Ta anomalies and positive Pb anomaly on the primitive mantle‐normalized multielement variation diagram. They are characterized by low initial Sr isotopes, slightly decoupled but high positive bulk rock εNd(t) and εHf(t), and high 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb relative to 206Pb/204Pb, delineating a DUPAL signature in the sources. The Haladala gabbros cannot be arc or postcollisional magmatism, given the lack of hydrous minerals and low K contents, respectively. This is further supported by the relatively low oxygen fugacity required for the gradual enrichment of V‐Ti magnetite during the magma fractionation and by an overall anhydrous mantle source suggested by troctolite mineral assemblage (olivine + plagioclase). The emplacement age of the Haladala gabbros is identical to that of the Wajilitag kimberlites in the Tarim's interior, which have been interpreted as the first magmatic expression of the Tarim mantle plume. We thus propose that the Haladala gabbroic intrusion was generated in a hybrid geodynamic setting in which the Southwest Tianshan Orogen was impacted by an upwelling mantle plume. In this sense, the Haladala layered gabbroic intrusion records the early phase of magmatism of the Tarim plume, which was preferentially emplaced in a lithospheric weak zone.

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Three‐Dimensional P‐Wave Velocity Structure Around the Xiaojiang Fault Zone and Its Tectonic Implications

Yang

Wang

et al. 2013

Chinese J of Geophysics

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As the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Xiaojiang fault zone plays an important role in the lateral escape of Tibetan Plateau materials. In this work, the 3-D P-wave velocity structure of the Xiaojiang fault zone and its surrounding areas was imaged by using travel time data from permanent seismic stations and a dense temporal seismic array. The results show that in the upper and middle crust, the Xiaojiang fault zone is mainly of low velocity, while high velocity anomalies exist to its east. In the middle and lower crust, a low velocity anomaly is shown in the central portion of the Xiaojiang fault zone, and high velocity anomalies exist both in the northern and southern areas. The northern high velocity anomaly near Panzhihua extends from lower crust to the surface, and the southern one in the lower crust extends to the upper mantle. We consider that the low velocity anomaly in the central portion of the Xiaojiang fault zone is caused by high temperature derived from upper mantle. The high anomalies in the northern area are most likely related to the late Paleozoic mantle plume activity which caused a large number of basic and ultrabasic mantle materials intruding into the crust. These high-velocity anomalies, with greater mechanical strength, play a certain impediment to southward escaping of Tibetan Plateau materials, and lead to the rapid uplift of the northern sub-block of the Sichuan-Yunnan active block. The north-dipping high velocity anomaly in the southern area is a further barrier for southward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan active block, leading to strong deformation and intense seismicity within the low-velocity area in the overlaying upper and middle crust. Meantime, this high-velocity block contributes to stabilization of the upper mantle, which makes mantle materials of its southern region less affected by the southward escape of Tibetan Plateau materials.

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Geochemistry, Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis of the Panzhihua Gabbroic Layered Intrusion and Associated Fe–Ti–V Oxide Deposits, Sichuan Province, SW China

Cited by 408 publications

References 50 publications

Volatile and C-H-O isotopic compositions of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region and their implications for the sources of volatiles and the origin of Fe-Ti oxide ores

Volatile and C-H-O isotopic compositions of giant Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panxi region and their implications for the sources of volatiles and the origin of Fe-Ti oxide ores

Plume‐orogenic lithosphere interaction recorded in the Haladala layered intrusion in the Southwest Tianshan Orogen, NW China

Three‐Dimensional P‐Wave Velocity Structure Around the Xiaojiang Fault Zone and Its Tectonic Implications

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