Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya

Catlos, Elizabeth J.; Harrison, T. Mark; Kohn, Matthew J.; Grove, Marty; Ryerson, F. J.; Manning, Craig E.; Upreti, B. N.

doi:10.1029/2000jb900375

Cited by 307 publications

(374 citation statements)

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“…Harrison et al [1997] however, suggest a much later (late Miocene) date of deformation. Monazites from graphic schists in the Lesser Himalayas revealed a range of early to mid-Miocene age (15.8-11 Ma) [Catlos et al, 2001]. Cooling ages of detrital muscovites from two catchment areas in Nepal also provided age ranges between 11 to about 20 Ma, having the upper ages that drained from the top of the Higher Himalayas and the Manaslu Granite [Brewer et al, 2006].…”

Section: Results and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas

2010

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[1] Petrographic, mineral-chemistry and subsurface studies reveal that orogenic sedimentation had already begun in the Bengal basin by the early Miocene. Laser 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age determinations were made for detrital muscovite grains (145 total, among 4 samples) from the lower-to-middle Miocene Bhuban Formation. The laser fusion ages range from circa 12 Ma to 516 Ma, and thus suggest derivation from a combination of sources: the Himalayas, Indo-Burman ranges and possibly the Indian shield and Tibetan plateau. Modes of circa 16 Ma, 18 Ma, 26 and 40 Ma in the age distributions of these samples are most consistent with unroofing of the Higher Himalayas since the early Miocene. Detrital micas of such an early age (16 Ma) for the Bhuban Formation are interpreted to indicate that little time elapsed between the isotopic closure of 40 Ar in the muscovite and its ultimate deposition in middle Miocene strata. The detrital ages of circa 16 and 22 Ma in this study, most prominent in the highest stratigraphic levels sampled in this study, are younger than those previously reported in the western Himalayan foreland basins. These younger detrital ages are consistent with rapid middle Miocene unroofing and erosion as has been proposed for crystalline rocks of the eastern Himalayas. The minimum 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages for muscovite in a particular sample seem proportional to the stratigraphic level sampled, i.e., younger ages tend to occur for samples of higher stratigraphic level. These results support earlier studies indicating that detrital geochronology can be used as an effective tool in evaluating stratigraphic ages.

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Section: Results and Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas

2010

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“…[62]. This author concluded that this elevation gradient formed in response to ongoing slip along the Main Himalayan thrust rather than being caused by the Late Miocene reactivation of the thrust as suggested by [66]. [71]) discuss the recent Gorkha earthquake (2015) and could show that this earthquake ruptured the Main Himalayan thrust and uplifted the Kathmandu Basin while the High Himalaya farther to the north subsided.…”

Section: Himalaya Of Nepalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This thrust fault is characterized by a broad shear zone with the foliation parallel to the thrust contact. The Main Central thrust was active from 23 Ma to 18 Ma [63,66], then became inactive and was crosscut by Lesser Himalaya thrust faults. [66] postulate that the northern segment was (re)activated from 8 -3 Ma, while [67] propose that the Main Central thrust has been active throughout the past 20 Myrs.…”

Section: Himalaya Of Nepalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Main Central thrust was active from 23 Ma to 18 Ma [63,66], then became inactive and was crosscut by Lesser Himalaya thrust faults. [66] postulate that the northern segment was (re)activated from 8 -3 Ma, while [67] propose that the Main Central thrust has been active throughout the past 20 Myrs. Estimates for the displacement along the Main Central thrust are between 140 and 200 km [59], the last 30 km of which occurred in the past 3 Ma according to [66].…”

Section: Himalaya Of Nepalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[66] postulate that the northern segment was (re)activated from 8 -3 Ma, while [67] propose that the Main Central thrust has been active throughout the past 20 Myrs. Estimates for the displacement along the Main Central thrust are between 140 and 200 km [59], the last 30 km of which occurred in the past 3 Ma according to [66]. These authors, as well as [67,68] also suggest that the inverse metamorphic zonation observed at the Main Central thrust is the result of basal accretion of slices in the footwall of the thrust in the course of the Miocene-Pliocene phase of its activity.…”

Section: Himalaya Of Nepalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Pfiffner¹

2017

Preprint

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This paper gives an overview of the large-scale tectonic styles encountered in orogens worldwide. Thin-skinned and thick-skinned tectonics represents two end member styles recognized in mountain ranges. A thick-skinned tectonic style is typical for margins of continental plates. Thick-skinned style including the entire crust and possibly the lithospheric mantle are associated with intracontinental contraction. Delamination of subducting continental crust and horizontal protrusion of upper plate crust into the opening gap occurs in the terminal stage of continent-continent collision. Continental crust thinned prior to contraction is likely to develop relatively thin thrust sheets of crystalline basement. A true thin-skinned type requires a detachment layer of sufficient thickness. Thickness of the décollement layer as well as the mechanical contrast between décollement layer and detached cover control the style of folding and thrusting within the detached cover units. In subduction related orogens, thin-and thick-skinned deformation may occur several hundreds of kilometers from the plate contact zone. Basin inversion resulting from horizontal contraction may lead to the formation of basement uplifts by the combined reactivation of pre-existing normal faults and initiation of new reverse faults. In composite orogens thick-skinned and thin-skinned structures evolve with a pattern where nappe stacking propagates outward and downward.

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Kinematic and thermal studies of the Leo Pargil Dome: Implications for synconvergent extension in the NW Indian Himalaya

et al. 2014

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Building of the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau involved an interplay between crustal thickening and extension. The NW Indian Himalaya near the Leo Pargil dome contains approximately N trending brittle normal faults and NE trending normal-sense shear zones (i.e., bounding Leo Pargil dome) between the South Tibetan detachment system to the south and the Karakoram fault to the north. The Leo Pargil shear zone bounds the southwest flank of the Leo Pargil dome. Estimates of deformation temperatures and mean kinematic vorticity (W m ) from the shear zone were integrated with pressure-temperature estimates to evaluate its kinematic and thermal evolution. Oblique quartz fabrics yielded kinematic vorticity estimates indicating that the rocks within the shear zone were thinned by up to 62% during W directed shearing. Top-down-to-the-W ductile deformation is recorded at temperatures from >650°C at the deepest structural levels within the dome and from 400 to 500°C at shallower structural depths. Hanging wall rocks record much lower temperatures. Pressure-temperature data indicate that rocks in the dome were exhumed from depths of~36 to 22 km. In contrast to other mechanisms proposed for dome formation across the Himalaya, initiation of ductile movement on the Leo Pargil shear zone occurred at midcrustal levels in a region of localized synconvergent extension at >23 Ma. The timing and kinematic setting of deformation on the Leo Pargil shear zone suggest that exhumation could be related to a localized zone of transtension near the Karakoram fault zone.

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Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya

Cited by 307 publications

References 100 publications

Laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas

Laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Kinematic and thermal studies of the Leo Pargil Dome: Implications for synconvergent extension in the NW Indian Himalaya

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Geochronologic and thermobarometric constraints on the evolution of the Main Central Thrust, central Nepal Himalaya

Cited by 307 publications

References 100 publications

Laser 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas

Laser 40Ar/39Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas

Thick-Skinned and Thin-Skinned Tectonics: A Global Perspective

Kinematic and thermal studies of the Leo Pargil Dome: Implications for synconvergent extension in the NW Indian Himalaya

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Laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas

Laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age constraints on Miocene sequences from the Bengal basin: Implications for middle Miocene denudation of the eastern Himalayas