Geochronology and fluid source constraints of the Songligou gold‐telluride deposit, western Henan Province, China: Analysis of genetic implications

Abstract

The Songligou gold‐telluride deposit, located in Songxian County, western Henan Province, China, is one of many gold‐telluride deposits in the Xiaoqinling‐Xiong'ershan district. Gold orebodies occur within the Taihua Supergroup and are controlled by the WNW F101 Fault, and the fault was cut across by a granite porphyry dike. Common minerals in gold orebodies include quartz, chlorite, epidote, K‐feldspar, calcite, fluorite, sericite, phlogopite, bastnasite, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, tellurides, gold, bismuthinite, magnetite, and hematite, and pyrite is the dominant sulfide. Four mineralization stages are recognized, including pyrite‐quartz stage (I), quartz‐pyrite stage (II), gold‐telluride stage (III), and quartz‐calcite stage (IV). This work reports the Rb–Sr age of gold‐telluride‐bearing pyrite and zircon U–Pb age of granite porphyry, as well as S isotope data of pyrite and galena. The pyrite Rb–Sr isochron age is 126.6 ± 2.3 Ma (MSWD = 1.8), and the average zircon U–Pb age of granite porphyry is 166.8 ± 4.1 Ma (MSWD = 4.9). (87Sr/86Sr) i values of pyrite and δ34S values of sulfides vary from 0.7104 to 0.7105 and −11.84 to 0.28‰, respectively. The obtained Rb–Sr isochron age represents the ore formation age of the Songligou gold‐telluride deposit, which is much younger than the zircon U–Pb age of the granite porphyry. Strontium and S isotopes, together with the presence of bastnaesite, suggest that the ore‐forming fluid was derived from felsic magmas with input of a mantle component and subsequently interacted with the Taihua Supergroup. Tellurium was derived from metasomatized mantle and was related to the subduction of the Shangdan oceanic crust and Izanagi plate beneath the North China Craton (NCC). This deposit is a part of the Early Cretaceous large‐scale gold mineralization in east NCC and formed in an extensional tectonic setting.

Ore‐forming process of the Haigou gold deposit in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NE China: Constrains from EPMA and LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of Au‐bearing pyrite

“…In situ micro‐analysis of the structure and composition of tellurides, Te isotopic analysis, and thermodynamic analysis are prospective ways to study the mineralization of tellurium (Hu et al, 2021). Tellurium and Au, Ag, Bi, Pb, Fe are similar to sulfur chemically (Afifi et al, 1988; Cook et al, 2009; Liu et al, 2021b; Wang et al, 2020); and it is highly volatile. Tellurium is more abundant in mantle than in the crust (Liu et al, 2021b).…”

“…In recent years, with the development and popularization of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) testing technology, it is possible to determine trace elements in sulfide micro‐area with certainty, and it has been widely used in the study of deposit genesis with fruitful results (Fan et al, 2018; Feng et al, 2022; Li et al, 2019; Qiu et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2021; Wu et al, 2021). Recent studies have shown that LA‐ICP‐MS in situ elemental mapping of pyrite can determine the trace element contents in pyrite more precisely (Cave et al, 2019; Chen et al, 2021; Jian et al, 2021; Wang et al, 2020).…”