Geochronology, geochemistry, fluid inclusion and C, O and Hf isotope compositions of the Shuitou fluorite deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

Pei, Qiuming; Zhang, Shouting; Santosh, M.; Cao, Hong; Zhang, Wei; Hu, Xin‐Kai; Wang, Liang

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.022

Cited by 43 publications

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“…The Y/Ho versus La/Ho diagram has been widely used to shed light on the evolution of fluorite ore formation (Bau & Dulski, 1995;Deng, Gong, et al, 2014;Mondillo et al, 2016;Pei et al, 2017). In the diagram (Figure 10a (Figure 10b) is used to differentiate the fluorite genesis (Möller et al, 1976;Sánchez et al, 2010;Sasmaz et al, 2018;Subías & Fernández-Nieto, 1995) for the Madiu deposit (Bau & Dulski, 1995).…”

Section: Samarium-neodymium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluid inclusions (Fls) and stable isotopes (e.g., hydrogen and oxygen) have been widely used to recognize the origin and evolution of ore-forming fluids (Constantopoulos, 1988;Guilhaumou, Ellouz, Jaswal, & Mougin, 2000;Palmer & Williams-Jones, 1996;Pei et al, 2017;Zou, Zhang, Chen, Fang, & Zeng, 2016), and rare earth element (REE) studies are helpful to reveal the genesis of fluorite deposits (Fawzy, 2018;Sánchez et al, 2010;Schwinn & Markl, 2005;Subías & Fernández-Nieto, 1995). Due to the similar elemental behaviours between Sr and Ca, Sr isotopes can be used to determine the source of Ca (Deng et al, 2015;Ruiz, Kesler, & Jones, 1985;Ruiz, Kesler, Jones, & Sutter, 1980;Sato et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the similar elemental behaviours between Sr and Ca, Sr isotopes can be used to determine the source of Ca (Deng et al, 2015;Ruiz, Kesler, & Jones, 1985;Ruiz, Kesler, Jones, & Sutter, 1980;Sato et al, 2003). Furthermore, fluorite Sm-Nd dating is an effective and reliable technique to directly date hydrothermal fluorite mineralization (Chesley, Halliday, & Scrivener, 1991;Munoz, Premo, & Courjault-Radé, 2005;Pei et al, 2017;Smolyanskii & Bogomolov, 2011;Zou, Fang, Zhang, & Zhang, 2017). In this paper, we conducted systematic analyses on the Fls, REE, H-O-Sr isotopes, and Sm-Nd geochronology of the Madiu deposit to constrain the mineralization age and the source of ore-forming fluids and materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation timing and genesis of Madiu fluorite deposit in East Qinling, China: Constraints from fluid inclusion, geochemistry, and H–O–Sr–Nd isotopes

Pei

Zhang

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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The Heyu fluorite ore district is newly discovered in the East Qinling metallogenic belt (EQMB), central China. In this district, the large Madiu fluorite deposit contains five Mesozoic granite‐hosted orebodies. The deposit may have formed at shallow depth and occurred as continuous veins controlled by a series of N‐S‐ or NE‐trending, steeply dipping faults. The fluorite mineralization can be divided into two stages (I and II). Fluid inclusions in stage I fluorite homogenized at 132.2°C to 342.5°C (peak at 170°C–210°C) with salinities of 0.18 to 4.43 wt% NaCl equiv, whilst those in stage II fluorite homogenized at 122.2°C to 305.7°C (peak at 130°C–170°C) and salinities of 0.18 to 3.71 wt% NaCl equiv. Raman spectroscopic analysis of the fluid inclusions reveals that they comprise predominantly H2O. The rare earth element (REE) characteristics indicate that the deposit is of hydrothermal origin. The δ18OH2O (−8.8‰ to −0.5‰) and δDH2O (−69.0‰ to −61.9‰) values show a subhorizontal trend, suggesting that the oxygen isotopic compositions were modified by fluid–rock interactions. Fluid inclusion and stable isotopic data suggest that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a meteoric water‐sourced, medium–low temperature, and low salinity NaCl–H2O system. Initial fluorite 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708879–0.709682) resemble those of the Heyu batholith. The water–rock reaction, which leached Ca from the host rock and increased the fluid pH, was likely causative to the ore precipitation. Geochemical and mineralization features suggest that the Madiu fluorite deposit is best classified as a fault‐controlled hydrothermal vein‐type fluorite deposit. The Sm–Nd isochron age of 118.9 ± 7.8 Ma and its regional age correlation suggest that the fluorite mineralization occurred under regional extension or lithospheric thinning setting and that the fluorite mineralization was an important component of the Early Cretaceous mineralization event in the EQMB.

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Section: Samarium-neodymium Isotopesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation timing and genesis of Madiu fluorite deposit in East Qinling, China: Constraints from fluid inclusion, geochemistry, and H–O–Sr–Nd isotopes

Pei

Zhang

et al. 2019

Geological Journal

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“…Fluorite is the most important natural raw material in the fluorine chemical industry, noticeably receiving attention by many researchers (Bühn, Rankin, Schneider, & Dulski, 2002;Gigoux et al, 2015;Graupner et al, 2015;Munoz, Premo, & Courjault-Radé, 2005;Pei et al, 2017;Ruiz, Kesler, & Jones, 1985;Ruiz, Kesler, Jones, & Sutter, 1980;Zemri et al, 2015;Zou, Fang, Zhang, & Zhang, 2017). The production of China's fluorite ranks first in the world and the reserves are the third in the world (Ober, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New evidence from the Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit for the role of the paleo‐Pacific Plate and Mongol–Okhotsk suture in creating extensive fluorite mineralization in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China

et al. 2019

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The Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit is a newly discovered deposit hosted by volcanic rocks of the Early Cretaceous Baiyin'gaolao Formation, which are located in the Great Xing'an Range. Fluorite orebodies within this area are controlled by the NNE-trending faults. The ΣREE of fluorite samples ranges from 19.18 to 361.22 ppm, with an average of 131.14 ppm. The homogenization temperatures are concentrated in the ranges of 100-150°C and 230-350°C, while the salinity is concentrated in 0.3-1.0 and 2.0-4.5 wt.% NaCl eqv., and the density has ranges of 0.92-0.96 and 0.75-0.8 g/cm 3 , respectively. The δD V-SMOW values of fluid inclusions within the fluorite range between −122.3‰ and −105.6‰ with a mean of −115.36‰. The δ 18 O V-SMOW of fluorite ranges from −12.0 to −8.5‰, average is −9.9‰. Sm-Nd isotopic data on the fluorite ore yield an isochron age of 122 ± 15 Ma and have ɛ Nd (t) values ranging from +3.15 to +4.16 and ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i values ranging from 0.704907 to 0.705765. In this contribution, field, petrologic, and geochemical data lead us to the following salient findings: (a) The ore consists of fluorite, quartz, and calcite, with host rock alteration that includes silicification, calcitization, and sericitization. The major element data reveal that the host rocks are a series of highK calc-alkaline rhyolite. The REEs suggest that F-rich fluids in this region might have experienced a longdistance migration. The Tb/Ca-Tb/La diagram confirms a hydrothermal origin for the deposit. (b) Petrographic evidence and fluid inclusions in the fluorites indicate that this deposit might have two ore-forming stages. The ore-forming fluids can be attributed to a NaCl-H 2 O-F system with moderate-low temperature, low salinity, and low density and have a meteoric water source, with water/rock reaction as the main mechanism for fluorite precipitation. (c) The deposit was formed in an anorogenic within-plate extensional tectonic setting related to the lithospheric thinning occurring after the Mongolian-Okhotsk Ocean closure.

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“…One of the key problems of the genesis of hydrothermal deposits is elucidation of the origin and nature of the mineralizing fluids (Wilkinson, ). At present, there are two models for the sources of ore‐forming fluids for regional vein‐type fluorite deposits: (i) the ore‐forming fluids were derived from a postmagmatic hydrothermal fluid and mixed with meteoric water at a late stage (e.g., Xu et al, ) or (ii) the ore‐forming fluids were formed in response to amagmatic hydrothermal circulation during regional tectonic extension (Zeng et al, ; Zhang et al, ; Pei et al, ). The major tool for solving this problem is the combination of analysis of stable isotopes of minerals and detailed studies of fluid inclusions (FIs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature and Genesis of the Xiaobeigou Fluorite Deposit, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

et al. 2018

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The recently discovered Xiaobeigou fluorite deposit is situated in the southern part of the Southern Great Xing'an Range metallogenic belt. Fluorite-bearing veins are rather common over the whole area. So far, 11 mineralized veins have been delineated at the Xiaobeigou deposit. Orebodies of the deposit are mainly hosted in Permian and Jurassic volcano-sedimentary rocks. The orebodies in this mining district exhibit a well-developed vertical zonation: from top to bottom, the orebodies can be divided into upper, central, and lower zones. The central zone is the most important part for mining operations, and it shows lateral zonation of fluorite mineralization. Rare earth element (REE) contents of the investigated samples are relatively low (less than 30.2 ppm). Furthermore, the REE contents of the fluorite grains from early to late ore stages exhibit a decreasing trend. All the fluorite samples show no or slightly positive Eu anomalies. Three types of fluid inclusions (FIs) are distinguished in the quartz and fluorite samples, including pure-liquid single-phase (PL-type), liquid-rich two-phase (L-Type), and vapor-rich two-phase (V-type) FIs. The FIs hosted in early-stage quartz were homogenized at 159.5-260.7 C (mainly 160-240 C); their salinities range from 0.18 to 1.22 wt.% NaCl eqv. The FIs hosted in early-stage fluorite yield slightly lower homogenization temperatures of 144.4-266.8 C (peaking at 140-220 C), which correspond to salinities of 0.18-0.88 wt.% NaCl eqv. Homogenization temperatures and salinities for the late stage are 132.5-245.8 C (mainly 160-180 C) and 0.18-1.40 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. Laser Raman spectroscopy of FIs shows that both the vapor and liquid compositions of the inclusions are dominated by H 2 O. The H-O isotopic compositions at Xiaobeigou suggest that the ore-forming fluids are predominantly of meteoric water origin. The Xiaobeigou deposit can be classified as a typical low-temperature hydrothermal vein-type fluorite deposit. Combined with regional data, we infer that the fluorite mineralization occurred during the Late Mesozoic in an extensional setting.

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Geochronology, geochemistry, fluid inclusion and C, O and Hf isotope compositions of the Shuitou fluorite deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

Cited by 43 publications

References 108 publications

Formation timing and genesis of Madiu fluorite deposit in East Qinling, China: Constraints from fluid inclusion, geochemistry, and H–O–Sr–Nd isotopes

Formation timing and genesis of Madiu fluorite deposit in East Qinling, China: Constraints from fluid inclusion, geochemistry, and H–O–Sr–Nd isotopes

New evidence from the Wuliji'Oboo fluorite deposit for the role of the paleo‐Pacific Plate and Mongol–Okhotsk suture in creating extensive fluorite mineralization in the Great Xing'an Range, NE China

Nature and Genesis of the Xiaobeigou Fluorite Deposit, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

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